ܛܘܦܣܐ ܬܩܝܢܐ ܕܝܗܝ̈ܒܬܐ

ܒܘܚܪܢܐ ܕܦܐܝܠ

ܟܡܕܒܩܚ ܥܡܘ̈ܕܐ ܬܪܝܨܐܝܬ ܡܢ ܓܠܝܘܢܐ (ܥܡ ܣܕܪܐ ܕܪ̈ܫܐ) – ܟܪܫܡܚ ܓܘ ܐܩܣܠ، ܟܢܣܚܚ، ܘܟܡܕܒܩܚ ܗܪܟܐ (ܓܘ ܡܕܒܩܢܘܬܐ ܠܝܬ ܡܦܫܩܢܐ – ܙܢ̈ܐ ܒܕ ܦܝܫܝ ܬܚܘܡ̈ܐ ܡܢ ܓܢܒܗܘܢ):

ܩܐ ܡܘܕܝ ܛܘܦܣܐ ܚܕ

ܟܠ ܡܚܫܒܢܐ (calculator) ܓܘ ܣܐܝܛ ܟܩܪܐ ܠܗܘ ܦܐܝܠ: ܓܠܝܘܢܐ ܕܝܗܝ̈ܒܬܐ (data / נתונים) ܒܒܢܝܢܐ ܦܬܝܐ (wide format) – ܟܠ ܣܕܪܐ ܝܠܗ ܡܫܬܘܬܦܢܐ (participant / respondent (case)) (ܝܢ ܟܠ ܡܕܡ ܐܚܪܢܐ ܕܡܫܝܚܐ ܝܠܗ: ܨܦܐ، ܫܘܬܐܣܐ، ܡܬܐ)، ܟܠ ܥܡܘܕܐ ܝܠܗ ܡܫܬܚܠܦܢܐ (variable)، ܘܕܠܐ ܦܘܪܫܢܐ ܒܝܢܝ ܡܢܒܝܢܐ ܘܦܐܪܐ: ܬܪܘܝܗܝ ܥܡܘ̈ܕܐ ܝܢܐ (Field, 2024, Section 4.6.1) – ܘܓܢܒܗ ܓܠܝܘܢܐ ܕܡܦܫܩܢܐ (legend / מקרא) ܕܐܝܠܗ ܟܬܒܐ ܕܪ̈ܡܙܐ (codebook) ܕܦܐܝܠ: ܩܐ ܟܠ ܡܫܬܚܠܦܢܐ ܫܡܐ، ܬܚܘܝܬܐ، ܪܡܙܢܘܬܐ ܕܦܘܢ̈ܝܐ ܘܕܪܓܐ ܕܡܫܘܚܬܐ (Pallant, 2020, Chapter 2). ܚܫܒܐ ܕ-Pallant ܬܪܝܨܐ ܝܠܗ ܐܦ ܗܪܟܐ: ܟܬܒܐ ܕܪ̈ܡܙܐ ܟܟܬܒܚ ܚܕ ܓܐܝܐ، ܟܢܛܪܚ ܓܢܒ ܝܗܝ̈ܒܬܐ، ܘܠܝܬ ܬܘܒ ܕܥܪܬܐ ܠܦܐܝܠ ܒܬܪ ܦܠܓܐ ܫܢܬܐ ܕܠܐ ܝܕܥܬܐ ܡܘܕܝ ܝܠܗ ܦܘܫܩܐ ܕ-"3" ܓܘ ܥܡܘܕܐ "ܝܘܠܦܢܐ". ܐܝܟܢܐ ܟܦܣܩܚ ܡܘܕܝ ܒܕ ܗܘܐ "3" – ܪܡܙܢܘܬܐ ܕܫܘܐ̈ܠܐ ܣܟܝܪ̈ܐ ܘܦܬܝܚ̈ܐ، ܪ̈ܡܙܐ ܩܐ ܚܣܝ̈ܪܐ، ܗܘܦܟܐ ܕܦܣܘ̈ܩܐ، ܟܢܫܐ ܠܓܘ̈ܕܐ ܘܪܡܙܢܘܬܐ ܕܡܫܬܚܠܦ̈ܢܐ ܕܡܘܬܐ (dummy coding) – ܓܘ ܦܐܬܐ ܪܡܙܢܘܬܐ ܕܦܘܢ̈ܝܐ ܘܒܢܝܢܐ ܕܡܫܬܚܠܦ̈ܢܐ. ܦܘܪܫܢܐ ܝܚܝܕܝܐ ܝܠܗ ܕܓܘ ܣܐܝܛ ܟܬܒܐ ܕܪ̈ܡܙܐ ܓܠܝܘܢܐ ܝܠܗ ܓܘ ܦܐܝܠ – ܘܡܛܠ ܗܕܐ ܡܚܫܒ̈ܢܐ ܟܩܪܝܠܗ ܡܢ ܓܢܒܗܘܢ: ܟܝܕܥܝ ܕܓܢܣܐ (gender) ܕܓܢ̈ܣܐ (categorical) ܝܠܗ ܘܕܥܘܡܪܐ ܡܬܡܫܚܢܐ (continuous) ܝܠܗ، ܟܡܚܘܝ "ܓܒܪܐ" ܘ"ܐܢܬܬܐ" ܒܕܘܟܬܐ ܕ-1 ܘ-2، ܘܟܡܙܗܪܝ ܐܡܬܝ ܕܓܒܚ ܡܫܬܚܠܦܢܐ ܕܓܢ̈ܣܐ ܩܐ ܐܣܘܪܐ ܕܚܕ̈ܕܐ (correlation).

ܗܘ ܦܐܝܠ ܒܬܪܟܢ ܟܥܒܪ ܠ-SPSS ܕܠܐ ܥܒܕܐ ܝܬܝܪܐ: ܦܐܝܠ ܕܣܝܢܬܐܟܣ (syntax (SPSS)) ܕܟܠ ܡܚܫܒܢܐ ܟܡܚܬܐ ܟܛܥܢ ܝܗܝ̈ܒܬܐ ܘܟܬܚܡ ܡܢ ܡܦܫܩܢܐ ܟܘܬܐ ܕܡܫܬܚܠܦ̈ܢܐ (Variable View) – ܪܘ̈ܫܡܐ (labels)، ܪܘ̈ܫܡܐ ܕܛܝ̈ܡܐ ܘܕܪ̈ܓܐ ܕܡܫܘܚܬܐ. ܘܒܐܘܪܚܐ ܗܦܝܟܬܐ، ܦܐܬܐ ܡܢ SPSS ܠܐܩܣܠ ܟܥܒܕ ܡܢ ܦܐܝܠ .sav ܐܗܐ ܛܘܦܣܐ، ܥܡ ܡܦܫܩܢܐ، ܡܢ ܟܬܒܐ ܕܪ̈ܡܙܐ ܕܦܐܝܠ.

ܓܠܝܘܢܐ ܕܝܗܝ̈ܒܬܐ (data / נתונים) – ܢܡܘ̈ܣܐ

1. ܣܕܪܐ = ܡܫܬܘܬܦܢܐ، ܥܡܘܕܐ = ܡܫܬܚܠܦܢܐ. ܟܠ ܡܐ ܕܡܫܝܚܐ ܝܠܗ ܓܘ ܗܘ ܡܫܬܘܬܦܢܐ (participant / respondent (case)) ܟܥܐܠ ܓܘ ܗܘ ܣܕܪܐ – ܥܡ ܡܫܘ̈ܚܬܐ ܡܬܢ̈ܝܬܐ (repeated measures) (ܩܕܡ ܘܒܬܪ = ܬܪܝܢ ܥܡܘ̈ܕܐ). ܡܐ ܕܟܦܪܫ ܒܝܢܝ ܓܘ̈ܕܐ ܕܡܫܬܘܬܦ̈ܢܐ (ܢܣܝܘܢܐ/ܦܘܚܡܐ، ܓܢܣܐ) ܝܠܗ ܥܡܘܕܐ ܚܕ ܥܡ ܪܡܙܐ ܩܐ ܟܠ ܓܘܕܐ – "ܡܫܬܚܠܦܢܐ ܪܡܝܙܐ" ܝܢ "ܡܫܬܚܠܦܢܐ ܕܓܘ̈ܕܐ" (Field, 2024، ܦܣ̈ܩܐ 4.6.1 ܘ-4.6.5؛ ܡܥܝܪܢܘܬܐ 4.1). ܒܢܝܢܐ ܐܪܝܟܐ (ܣܕܪܐ ܩܐ ܟܠ ܚܙܝܬܐ، ܠܐ ܩܐ ܟܠ ܡܫܬܘܬܦܢܐ) ܠܐ ܡܩܒܠܐ ܝܠܗ.

2. ܣܕܪܐ ܩܕܡܝܐ ܝܠܗ ܣܕܪܐ ܕܪ̈ܫܐ (header row): ܫܡܐ ܩܨܝܪܐ ܘܝܚܝܕܝܐ ܩܐ ܟܠ ܡܫܬܚܠܦܢܐ. ܓܘ ܣܐܝܛ ܟܠ ܫܡܐ ܟܦܠܚ – ܐܦ ܒܥܒܪܝܐ، ܐܦ ܥܡ ܦܘܪ̈ܫܐ؛ ܓܘ SPSS ܫܡܐ ܣܢܝܩ ܝܠܗ ܕܫܪܐ ܒܐܬܘܬܐ، ܕܠܐ ܦܘܪ̈ܫܐ ܘܐܬܘܬ̈ܐ ܝܚܝܕ̈ܝܬܐ، ܘܕܠܐ ܗܘܐ ܡܠܬܐ ܢܛܝܪܬܐ (Pallant, 2020, Chapter 2)، ܘܡܛܠ ܗܕܐ ܦܐܝܠ ܕܣܝܢܬܐܟܣ ܟܡܫܢܐ ܫܡ̈ܗܐ ܐܝܟ ܗܢܐ ܘܟܡܘܕܥ ܥܠܝܗܝ. ܫܡܐ ܬܢܝܢܐ ܩܐ ܬܪܝܢ ܥܡܘ̈ܕܐ ܛܥܝܘܬܐ ܝܠܗ: ܡܦܫܩܢܐ ܘܣܝܢܬܐܟܣ ܠܐ ܒܕ ܝܕܥܝ ܩܐ ܐܝܢܐ ܝܠܗ. Cunningham ܘ-Muir (2023) ܟܡܪܚܩܝ ܕܫܡܐ ܕܡܫܬܚܠܦܢܐ ܡܚܘܐ ܡܢܝܢܐ ܕܫܘܐܠܐ ܓܘ ܦܢܩܝܬܐ ܕܫܘܐ̈ܠܐ (Q7_income) – ܗܟܢܐ ܠܐ ܡܨܝܐ ܠܡܪܫܡ ܒܛܥܝܘܬܐ "ܫܢ̈ܐ ܕܝܘܠܦܢܐ" ܐܝܟ "ܫܢ̈ܐ ܕܦܘܠܚܢܐ"، ܘܓܘ ܪܡܙܢܘܬܐ ܡܢ ܪܝܫ ܟܦܬܚܚ ܦܢܩܝܬܐ ܕܫܘܐ̈ܠܐ ܓܢܒ ܡܦܫܩܢܐ. ܡܒܚܪܢܐ ܟܡܘܕܥ ܥܠ ܫܡ̈ܗܐ ܣܦܝ̈ܩܐ، ܬܢܝ̈ܢܐ ܘܫܡ̈ܗܐ ܕܒܕ ܫܢܝ ܓܘ SPSS.

3. ܥܡܘܕܐ ܩܕܡܝܐ – ܡܢܝܢܐ ܡܦܪܫܢܐ (ID). ܡܢܝܢܐ ܕܛܟܣܐ ܝܚܝܕܝܐ ܩܐ ܟܠ ܡܫܬܘܬܦܢܐ، ܟܬܝܒܐ ܐܦ ܥܠ ܦܢܩܝܬܐ ܕܫܘܐ̈ܠܐ؛ ܗܟܢܐ، ܐܡܬܝ ܕܟܡܫܟܚܚ ܛܝܡܐ ܦܘܫܝܐ، ܡܨܝܚ ܠܕܥܪܐ ܠܡܒܘܥܐ ܘܠܬܘܪܨܐ (Pallant, 2020, Chapter 2). ܡܚܫܒ̈ܢܐ ܟܦܪܫܝ ܥܡܘܕܐ ܠܦܘܬ ܫܡܗ (מזהה، id، מספר נבדק، מס' נבדק، no، num، serial، index) ܝܢ ܠܦܘܬ id ܓܘ ܥܡܘܕܐ ܕܙܢܐ ܓܘ ܡܦܫܩܢܐ – ܘܟܡܦܩܝܠܗ ܡܢ ܟܠ ܦܘܫܩܐ. ܩܐ ܡܢܝܢܐ ܡܦܪܫܢܐ ܐܝܬ ܦܘܠܚܢܐ ܬܪܝܢܐ، ܕܦܣܩܐ ܡܕܟܝܢܘܬܐ ܕܝܗܝ̈ܒܬܐ ܟܡܦܫܩ: ܐܢ ܡܫܬܘܬܦܢܐ 17 ܡܢ ܫܠܝ ܟܡܬܚܙܐ ܓܘ ܣܕܪܐ 40، ܚܕ ܡܢܫܐ ܛܟܣܠܗ ܚܕ ܥܡܘܕܐ ܕܠܐ ܐܚܪ̈ܢܐ.

4. ܦܘܢ̈ܝܐ ܐܝܟ ܡܢܝ̈ܢܐ. ܟܠ ܦܘܢܝܐ ܕܠܐ ܝܠܗ ܡܢܝܢܐ ܡܢ ܟܝܢܗ (ܓܢܣܐ، ܓܘܕܐ، ܡܨܒܬܐ ܕܒܝܬܐ) ܟܫܩܠ ܪܡܙܐ ܡܢܝܢܝܐ – 1، 2، 3 ܠܦܘܬ ܛܟܣܐ ܕܓܘܒܝ̈ܐ ܓܘ ܦܢܩܝܬܐ ܕܫܘܐ̈ܠܐ، ܝܢ ܟܠ ܡܢܝܢܐ ܐܚܪܢܐ: ܪ̈ܡܙܐ ܨܒܝܢܝ̈ܐ ܝܢܐ، ܡܛܠ ܕܡܢܝܢܐ ܒܝܕܗ ܠܐ ܦܫܝܩܐ ܝܠܗ (Field, 2024, Section 4.6.5; Pallant, 2020, Chapter 2). ܡܐ ܕܪܡܙܐ ܟܐܡܪ ܟܬܝܒܐ ܝܠܗ ܓܘ ܡܦܫܩܢܐ. ܥܡܘܕܐ ܕܣܓܝܐܐ ܡܢ ܛܝ̈ܡܐ ܕܝܠܗ ܡ̈ܠܐ ܝܢܐ ("ܓܒܪܐ"، "ܐܢܬܬܐ") ܒܕ ܦܠܚ ܓܘ ܡܚܫܒ̈ܢܐ ܐܝܟ ܕܓܢ̈ܣܐ – ܐܠܐ ܛܝܡܐ ܕܡ̈ܠܐ ܝܚܝܕܝܐ ܓܘ ܥܡܘܕܐ ܡܢܝܢܝܐ ("ܠܐ ܝܕܥܢ" ܓܘ ܥܡܘܕܐ ܕܥܘܡܪܐ) ܒܕ ܗܘܐ ܚܫܝܒܐ ܚܣܝܪܐ، ܘܡܛܠ ܗܕܐ ܛܒܐ ܝܠܗ ܠܪܡܙܐ ܟܠ ܡܕܡ. ܡܢܝ̈ܢܐ: ܢܘܩܙܐ ܕܥܣܪܘܬܐ (3.5)، ܕܠܐ ܪ̈ܘܫܡܐ ܕܐܠܦ̈ܐ ܘܕܠܐ ܡܫܘ̈ܚܬܐ ("25" ܘܠܐ "25 ܫܢ̈ܐ").

5. ܛܝܡܐ ܚܣܝܪܐ = ܩܠܝܬܐ ܣܦܝܩܬܐ. ܠܐ 99، ܠܐ 999، ܠܐ ܣܪܛܐ، ܠܐ ܦܘܪܫܐ (ܚܙܝܡܘܢ ܛܝ̈ܡܐ ܚܣܝ̈ܪܐ).

6. ܕܠܐ ܢܘܣ̈ܚܐ ܕܚܘܫܒܢܐ، ܕܠܐ ܩܠ̈ܝܬܐ ܚܠܝܛ̈ܬܐ، ܕܠܐ ܣܕܪ̈ܐ ܕܓܘܡܪܐ ܘܕܠܐ ܡܥܝܪ̈ܢܘܬܐ ܓܘ ܕܘܟܬܐ ܕܝܗܝ̈ܒܬܐ (Pallant, 2020, Chapter 4). ܡܢܝܢܐ ܕܣܒܠܬܐ (scale score) ܟܚܫܒܚ ܓܘ ܦܐܬܐ ܐܠܦܐ ܕ-Cronbach ܘܡܢܝܢܐ ܕܣܒܠܬܐ – ܐܗܘ ܟܡܕܥܪ ܦܐܝܠ ܥܡ ܥܡܘܕܐ ܕܡܢܝܢܐ – ܘܠܐ ܒܢܘܣܚܐ ܕܐܩܣܠ ܕܒܕ ܓܐܒܐ ܓܘ ܫܘܢܝܐ.

7. ܦܣܘܩܐ (item) ܕܟܬܝܒܐ ܝܠܗ ܗܦܝܟܐܝܬ ܟܥܐܠ ܐܝܟ ܕܦܢܝܐ ܝܠܗ؛ ܗܘܦܟܐ ܟܡܬܥܒܕ ܓܘ ܦܐܬܐ ܕܐܠܦܐ ܝܢ ܪܫܝܡܐ ܝܠܗ ܓܘ ܡܦܫܩܢܐ ܒܡܠܬܐ reverse.

ܓܠܝܘܢܐ ܕܡܦܫܩܢܐ (legend / מקרא) – ܚܡܫܐ ܥܡܘ̈ܕܐ

ܙܢܐ ܕܡܫܬܚܠܦܢܐ – ܐܝܟܢܐ ܦܣܝܩܐ ܝܠܗ

ܕܪܓܐ ܕܡܫܘܚܬܐ (measurement) ܝܠܗ ܕܟܦܣܩ ܡܘܕܝ ܫܪܝܐ ܝܠܗ ܠܚܫܒܐ: ܩܐ ܕܓܢ̈ܣܐ (categorical) – ܣܓܝܐܘ̈ܬܐ (frequencies) ܘܟܝ ܡܪܒܥܐ (chi-square)؛ ܩܐ ܕܛܟܣܐ (ordinal) – ܛܝܡܐ ܡܨܥܝܐ (median) ܘ-Spearman؛ ܩܐ ܡܬܡܫܚܢܐ (continuous) – ܡܨܥܝܬܐ (mean)، Pearson، t ܘܪܝܓܪܫܢ (regression) (Pallant, 2020، ܨܚܚܐ 2؛ ܘܡܘܬܪܬܐ ܓܘ ܦܐܬܐ ܡܫܬܚܠܦ̈ܢܐ، ܕܪ̈ܓܐ ܕܡܫܘܚܬܐ ܘܬܘܩ̈ܢܐ ܕܒܘܨܝܐ). ܓܘ SPSS ܐܗܐ ܝܠܗ ܥܡܘܕܐ Measure ܓܘ ܟܘܬܐ ܕܡܫܬܚܠܦ̈ܢܐ (Nominal / Ordinal / Scale; Pallant, 2020, Chapter 4)؛ ܓܘ ܣܐܝܛ – ܥܡܘܕܐ ܕܙܢܐ ܕܡܫܬܚܠܦܢܐ (type) ܓܘ ܡܦܫܩܢܐ. ܘܐܡܬܝ ܕܠܝܬ ܡܦܫܩܢܐ، ܡܚܫܒ̈ܢܐ ܟܚܫܒܝ ܠܦܘܬ ܛܝ̈ܡܐ:

ܛܝ̈ܡܐ ܚܣܝ̈ܪܐ

ܐܘܪܚܐ ܦܫܝܩܬܐ ܠܡܪܫܡ ܚܣܝܪܐ ܝܠܗ ܠܫܒܩܐ ܩܠܝܬܐ (cell) ܣܦܝܩܬܐ – ܘܗܟܢܐ SPSS ܟܦܪܫ ܚܣܝܪܐ ܕܠܐ ܚܕ ܬܚܘܡܐ (Field, 2024, Section 4.6.8; Pallant, 2020, Chapter 4). ܐܗܐ ܐܦ ܝܠܗ ܢܡܘܣܐ ܓܘ ܣܐܝܛ: ܩܠܝܬܐ ܣܦܝܩܬܐ = ܚܣܝܪܐ. ܪܡܙܐ ܡܢܝܢܝܐ ܩܐ ܚܣܝܪܐ (99، 999، 666 – ܛܝܡܐ "ܕܠܐ ܡܨܐ ܕܗܘܐ" ܕܪܒܐ ܝܠܗ ܡܢ ܛܝܡܐ ܥܠܝܐ ܕܡܚܘܝܢܐ) ܡܩܒܠܐ ܝܠܗ ܓܘ SPSS، ܐܠܐ ܒܣ ܐܢ ܬܚܡܚܠܗ ܬܡܢ ܐܝܟ user-missing؛ ܕܠܐ ܬܚܘܡܐ ܬܘܟܢܝܬܐ ܟܡܢܝܐ ܠܗ ܐܝܟ ܛܝܡܐ ܓܡܝܪܐ – "ܥܡ ܦܐܪ̈ܐ ܕܚܘܒܠܐ" ܒܠܫܢܐ ܕ-Pallant (2020، ܨܚܚܐ 4). ܓܘ ܣܐܝܛ ܠܝܬ ܬܚܘܡܐ ܐܝܟ ܗܢܐ، ܘܡܛܠ ܗܕܐ 99 ܓܘ ܥܡܘܕܐ ܕܥܘܡܪܐ ܒܕ ܡܪܝܡ ܡܨܥܝܬܐ. ܡܒܚܪܢܐ ܟܡܙܗܪ ܥܠ ܛܝ̈ܡܐ ܐܝܟ ܗܢܐ (99، 999، 9999، -9، -99، -999) ܐܡܬܝ ܕܪܚܝܩ̈ܐ ܝܢܐ ܡܢ ܛܝ̈ܡܐ ܐܚܪ̈ܢܐ، ܘܦܐܝܠ ܕܐܬܐ ܡܢ SPSS ܟܥܒܪ ܒܝܕ ܡܢ SPSS ܠܐܩܣܠ – ܬܡܢ ܩܘܛܝܐ "ܛܝ̈ܡܐ ܚܣܝ̈ܪܐ ܬܚܝܡ̈ܐ ܒܕ ܗܘܝܐ ܩܠܝܬܐ ܣܦܝܩܬܐ" ܟܦܠܚ ܥܡ ܐܗܐ. ܦܘܢܝܐ ܐܝܟ "ܠܐ ܝܕܥܢ" ܝܢ "ܐܚܪܢܐ، ܦܪܫ/ܝ" ܕܠܐ ܝܠܗ ܚܣܝܪܐ ܐܠܐ ܦܘܢܝܐ – ܟܦܐܫ ܪܡܙܐ، ܐܠܐ ܟܡܦܩܚܠܗ ܩܕܡ ܡܨܥܝܬܐ ܝܢ ܐܣܘܪܐ ܕܚܕ̈ܕܐ (ܚܙܝܡܘܢ ܦܐܬܐ ܕܛܝ̈ܡܐ ܚܣܝ̈ܪܐ – ܡܘܕܝ ܟܥܒܕ ܟܠ ܐܘܪܚܐ ܕܦܘܠܚܢܐ).

Cunningham ܘ-Muir (2023) ܟܡܘܣܦܝ ܬܪܝܢ ܦܘܪ̈ܫܢܐ ܕܛܒܐ ܝܠܗ ܕܗܘܝ ܓܘ ܡܦܫܩܢܐ. ܚܣܝܪܐ ܬܪܝܨܐ – ܫܘܐܠܐ ܠܐ ܦܐܫ ܥܠ ܡܫܬܘܬܦܢܐ (ܫܒܩܐ ܒܨܒܝܢܐ ܒܬܪ ܫܘܐܠܐ ܕܡܨܠܠܢܘܬܐ) – ܩܘܒܠ ܚܣܝܪܐ ܠܐ ܬܪܝܨܐ – ܡܫܬܘܬܦܢܐ ܠܐ ܨܒܐ، ܠܐ ܝܕܥ، ܝܢ ܫܘܐܠܐ ܢܦܠ ܒܛܥܝܘܬܐ (ܦܐܬܐ ܓܡܝܪܬܐ ܕܫܒܝܩܬܐ ܝܠܗ، ܣܕܪܐ ܕܫܩܝܠܐ ܝܠܗ ܓܘ ܡܕܟܝܢܘܬܐ؛ Osborne, 2013، ܐܝܟ ܕܡܝܬܝܐ ܝܠܗ ܓܘ Cunningham & Muir). ܘ"ܠܐ ܝܕܥܢ" ܪܫܝܡܐ ܝܠܗ ܒܦܪܝܫܘܬܐ ܡܢ ܠܐ ܨܒܝܢܐ: ܓܐ̈ܝܐ ܚܕ̈ܐ "ܠܐ ܝܕܥܢ" ("ܟܡܐ ܫܒ̈ܘܥܐ ܝܘܬ ܒܒܛܢܐ؟") ܝܠܗ ܒܝܕܗ ܡܫܟܚܢܘܬܐ، ܘܦܣܩܬܐ ܐܢ ܠܡܚܝܕܐ ܠܗ ܥܡ ܚܣܝ̈ܪܐ ܐܚܪ̈ܢܐ ܕܒܘܨܝܐ ܝܠܗ – ܐܠܐ ܡܨܝܐ ܠܡܦܣܩ ܒܣ ܐܢ ܪ̈ܡܙܐ ܦܪܝܫ̈ܐ ܝܢܐ ܡܢ ܩܕܡ. ܘܙܘܗܪܐ ܐܚܪܢܐ ܡܢ ܬܡܢ: ܪܡܙܐ ܕܚܣܝܪܐ ܐܝܟ 999999 ܓܘ ܥܡܘܕܐ ܕܐܘܚܠܐ ܒܕ ܗܘܐ ܩܪܝܐ ܒܝܕ ܡܢ ܕܠܐ ܟܝܕܥ ܦܐܝܠ ܐܝܟ ܐܘܚܠܐ ܕ-999,999 – ܐܗܐ ܚܬܝܬܐܝܬ ܝܠܗ ܥܠܬܐ ܕܢܡܘܣܐ "ܩܠܝܬܐ ܣܦܝܩܬܐ = ܚܣܝܪܐ"، ܘܕܟܬܒܬܐ ܕܟܠ ܪܡܙܐ ܐܚܪܢܐ ܓܘ ܥܡܘܕܐ ܕܡܥܝܪ̈ܢܘܬܐ ܓܘ ܡܦܫܩܢܐ.

ܦܐܝܠ̈ܐ ܘܪܡܙܢܘܬܐ

ܨܘܪ̈ܬܐ ܕܦܐܝܠ̈ܐ: xlsx (ܡܪܚܩܐ)، xlsm، xls ܥܬܝܩܐ، csv ܘ-txt ܦܪܝܫ̈ܐ ܒܦܘܪܫܐ (,)، ܢܘܩܙܐ-ܦܘܪܫܐ (;) ܝܢ ܛܐܒ. ܓܘ csv ܠܝܬ ܓܠܝ̈ܘܢܐ ܘܡܛܠ ܗܕܐ ܠܝܬ ܡܦܫܩܢܐ. ܦܐܝܠ csv ܩܪܝܐ ܝܠܗ ܐܝܟ UTF-8، ܘܐܢ ܠܐ ܝܠܗ ܗܟܢܐ – ܐܝܟ windows-1255 (ܪܡܙܢܘܬܐ ܥܒܪܝܬܐ ܥܬܝܩܬܐ). ܦܐܝܠ̈ܐ ܕ-xls ܥܬܝܩ̈ܐ ܕܦܠܛܝ̈ܐ ܝܢܐ ܡܢ SPSS ܓܐ̈ܝܐ ܣܓܝ̈ܐܐ ܟܐܬܝ ܥܡ ܥܒܪܝܐ "ܬܒܝܪܬܐ" (ܐܬܘܬ̈ܐ ܠܛܝܢܝ̈ܐ ܕܠܐ ܦܘܫܩܐ) – ܡܚܫܒ̈ܢܐ ܟܦܪܫܝ ܐܗܐ ܘܟܬܪܨܝ ܪ̈ܫܐ، ܛܝ̈ܡܐ ܘܡܦܫܩܢܐ ܡܢ ܓܢܒܗܘܢ، ܥܡ ܡܘܕܥܢܘܬܐ. ܓܠܝ̈ܘܢܐ: ܝܗܝ̈ܒܬܐ ܩܪܝ̈ܐ ܝܢܐ ܡܢ ܓܠܝܘܢܐ data (ܝܢ נתונים)؛ ܐܢ ܠܝܬ ܐܝܟ ܗܢܐ – ܡܢ ܓܠܝܘܢܐ ܩܕܡܝܐ ܕܠܐ ܝܠܗ legend ܝܢ instructions. ܡܕܒܩܢܘܬܐ: ܡܨܝܬܘܢ ܠܡܕܒܩܐ ܥܡܘ̈ܕܐ ܬܪܝܨܐܝܬ ܡܢ ܐܩܣܠ (ܥܡ ܣܕܪܐ ܕܪ̈ܫܐ) ܓܘ ܟܠ ܡܚܫܒܢܐ – ܕܠܐ ܡܦܫܩܢܐ.

ܡܘܕܝ ܣܢܝܩ ܟܠ ܡܚܫܒܢܐ

ܡܘܕܝ ܒܚܪ ܡܒܚܪܢܐ

Pallant (2020، ܨܚܚܐ 5) ܟܬܚܘܐ ܡܨܠܠܢܘܬܐ ܕܩܕܡ ܟܠ ܦܘܫܩܐ (analysis): ܩܐ ܟܠ ܡܫܬܚܠܦܢܐ (variable)، ܥܡ ܟܠ ܦܣܘܩܐ (item) ܓܘ ܣܒܠܬܐ (scale)، ܟܒܚܪܚ ܕܠܝܬ ܛܝ̈ܡܐ ܠܒܪ ܡܢ ܦܬܝܘܬܐ (range) ܕܡܨܐ ܕܗܘܝܐ (ܓܢܣܐ ܕܪܡܝܙܐ ܝܠܗ 1-2 ܘܠܐ ܡܨܐ ܕܗܘܐ 3؛ ܝܘܠܦܢܐ 1-6 ܘܠܐ 22) – ܒܥܕܢܐ ܪܓܝܠܐ ܒܝܕ ܠܘܚܐ ܕܣܓܝܐܘ̈ܬܐ ܥܡ ܛܝܡܐ ܬܚܬܝܐ ܘܛܝܡܐ ܥܠܝܐ – ܟܡܫܟܚܚ ܡܫܬܘܬܦܢܐ، ܟܬܪܨܚ ܠܦܘܬ ܡܒܘܥܐ، ܘܟܪܫܡܚ ܓܘ ܟܬܒܐ ܕܫܘܢܝ̈ܐ ܡܘܕܝ ܫܢܝܐ ܝܠܗ. "35 ܒܕܘܟܬܐ ܕ-3" ܡܨܐ ܕܡܥܩܡ ܐܣܘܪܐ ܕܚܕ̈ܕܐ ܓܡܝܪܐ. ܡܒܚܪܢܐ ܓܘ ܐܗܐ ܦܐܬܐ ܟܥܒܕ ܡܢܬܐ ܕܡܨܠܠܢܘܬܐ ܕܡܨܝܐ ܠܡܥܒܕ ܡܢ ܓܢܒܗ، ܥܠ ܦܐܝܠ ܟܠܗ، ܘܟܫܒܩ ܬܘܪܨܐ ܩܐܠܘܟܘܢ:

ܣܕܪܐ ܕܪ̈ܫܐ – ܫܡ̈ܗܐ ܣܦܝ̈ܩܐ، ܫܡ̈ܗܐ ܬܢܝ̈ܢܐ، ܫܡ̈ܗܐ ܕܒܕ ܫܢܝ ܓܘ SPSS. ܡܢܝܢܐ ܡܦܪܫܢܐ – ܐܢ ܐܝܬ، ܘܐܢ ܝܚܝܕܝܐ ܝܠܗ. ܡܦܫܩܢܐ – ܐܢ ܦܪܝܫܐ ܝܠܗ؛ ܡܫܬܚܠܦ̈ܢܐ ܕܓܘ ܡܦܫܩܢܐ ܘܠܐ ܝܢܐ ܓܘ ܝܗܝ̈ܒܬܐ (ܫܡܐ ܕܠܐ ܦܐܫ) ܘܗܦܝܟܐܝܬ؛ ܡ̈ܠܐ ܠܐ ܝܕ̈ܝܥܐ ܓܘ ܥܡܘܕܐ ܕܙܢܐ. ܟܠ ܥܡܘܕܐ – ܙܢܐ ܕܒܕ ܦܝܫ ܦܣܝܩܐ ܘܡܒܘܥܗ؛ ܛܝ̈ܡܐ ܠܐ ܡܢܝܢܝ̈ܐ ܓܘ ܥܡܘܕܐ ܡܢܝܢܝܐ (ܥܡ ܡܢܝ̈ܢܐ ܕܣܕܪ̈ܐ)؛ ܛܝ̈ܡܐ ܠܒܪ ܡܢ ܪ̈ܡܙܐ ܝܢ ܡܢ ܦܬܝܘܬܐ ܕܓܘ ܡܦܫܩܢܐ؛ ܛܝ̈ܡܐ ܕܟܡܬܚܙܝ ܐܝܟ ܪܡܙܐ ܕܚܣܝܪܐ؛ ܥܡܘܕܐ ܩܝܡܐ؛ ܥܡܘܕܐ ܕܡ̈ܠܐ؛ ܥܡܘܕܐ ܕܣܓܝܐܐ ܡܢܗ ܚܣܝܪܐ ܝܠܗ. ܠܘܚܐ 2 – ܐܝܢܝ ܡܚܫܒ̈ܢܐ ܒܕ ܡܫܟܚܝ ܓܘ ܦܐܝܠ ܡܫܬܚܠܦ̈ܢܐ ܕܣܢܝܩܝ ܠܗܘܢ. ܘܒܚܪܬܐ – ܦܐܝܠ ܒܝܕܗ ܥܡ ܓܠܝܘܢܐ ܕܡܦܫܩܢܐ ܡܛܘܝܒܐ ܩܐ ܡܡܠܝܐ: ܫܡܐ ܘܙܢܐ ܡܢ ܩܕܡ ܟܬܝܒ̈ܐ ܝܢܐ، ܘܪ̈ܡܙܐ ܕܡܫܟܚ̈ܐ ܝܢܐ ܟܡܣܟܝ ܠܪܘܫܡܐ. ܡܐ ܕܡܒܚܪܢܐ ܠܐ ܡܨܐ ܠܡܥܒܕ – ܠܡܦܚܡ ܥܡ ܡܒܘܥܐ، ܠܡܨܠܒ ܡܫܬܚܠܦ̈ܢܐ، ܠܡܦܣܩ ܡܘܕܝ ܠܬܘܪܨܐ – ܓܘ ܦܣܩܐ ܕܒܬܪܗ.

ܡܕܟܝܢܘܬܐ ܕܝܗܝ̈ܒܬܐ – ܡܘܕܝ ܡܒܚܪܢܐ ܠܐ ܟܥܒܕ ܒܕܘܟܬܘܟܘܢ

Cunningham ܘ-Muir (2023)، ܓܘ ܨܚܚܐ "Data cleaning" ܓܘ ܡܕܒܪܢܐ ܕ-Cambridge ܩܐ ܐܘܪ̈ܚܬܐ ܕܒܘܨܝܐ، ܟܫܪܝ ܒܡܥܝܪܢܘܬܐ ܥܠ ܡܠܬܐ: ܝܗܝ̈ܒܬܐ ܠܐ ܝܢܐ ܐܝܕ̈ܐ ܛܢܦ̈ܬܐ ܕ"ܡܫܝܓܐ" ܛܒܐ ܟܡܕܟܐ ܠܗܝܢ. ܦܐܝܠ ܒܢܝܐ ܝܠܗ ܡܢ ܛܝ̈ܡܐ – ܡܢܝܗܝ ܬܪ̈ܝܨܐ، ܡܢܝܗܝ ܦܘܫ̈ܝܐ؛ ܡܢ ܦܘܫ̈ܝܐ ܡܨܝܐ ܠܡܦܪܫ ܚܕ̈ܐ ܘܚܕ̈ܐ ܠܐ، ܘܛܝܡܐ ܬܪܝܨܐ ܡܨܐ ܕܡܬܚܙܐ ܦܘܫܝܐ. ܘܡܛܠ ܗܕܐ ܡܕܟܝܢܘܬܐ "ܒܥܓܠܘܬܐ ܘܕܠܐ ܝܕܥܬܐ" ܟܡܥܠܐ ܛܥܝ̈ܘܬܐ ܚܕ̈ܬܬܐ: ܛܝܡܐ ܬܪܝܨܐ ܫܚܠܦܐ ܝܠܗ ܒܦܘܫܝܐ، ܦܘܫܝܐ ܒܦܘܫܝܐ ܐܚܪܢܐ، ܝܢ – ܒܝܫܐ ܡܢ ܟܠܗ – ܣܕܪ̈ܐ ܟܡܫܬܩܠܝ، ܟܡܬܬܢܝ ܝܢ ܟܡܬܚܠܛܝ. ܡܕܟܝܢܘܬܐ ܓܒܝܗܘܢ ܠܐ ܝܠܗ ܕܪܓܐ ܕܩܕܡ ܦܘܫܩܐ ܐܠܐ ܐܘܪܚܐ ܕܚܫܒܐ ܓܘ ܟܠ ܒܘܨܝܐ: ܠܡܣܟܘܝܐ ܛܥܝ̈ܘܬܐ ܓܘ ܬܘܩܢܐ، ܠܡܟܠܝܐ ܠܗܝܢ ܓܘ ܟܢܫܐ ܕܝܗܝ̈ܒܬܐ، ܠܡܦܪܫ ܘܠܬܘܪܨܐ ܠܗܝܢ ܓܘ ܡܥܠܢܐ ܘܡܕܒܪܢܘܬܐ، ܘܠܡܘܕܥ ܥܠܝܗܝ ܓܘ ܟܬܝܒܘܬܐ. ܡܒܚܪܢܐ ܓܘ ܐܗܐ ܦܐܬܐ ܟܡܟܣܐ ܡܢܬܐ ܡܢ ܦܪܫܬܐ؛ ܡܐ ܕܟܦܐܫ ܩܐܠܘܟܘܢ – ܐܪܒܥܐ ܢܡܘ̈ܣܐ ܘܬܠܬܐ ܙܢ̈ܐ ܕܛܥܝܘܬܐ.

ܡܒܘܥܐ ܩܦܝܠܐ ܝܠܗ، ܥܒܕܐ ܓܘ ܢܘܣܚܐ. ܢܡܘܣܐ ܩܕܡܝܐ: ܠܥܠܡ ܠܐ ܟܫܢܚ ܦܐܝܠ ܩܕܡܝܐ ܕܝܗܝ̈ܒܬܐ – ܐܦ ܠܐ ܛܝܡܐ ܕܫܪܝܪܐܝܬ ܦܘܫܝܐ ܝܠܗ. ܒܚܪܬܐ ܕܡܥܠܢܐ، ܦܐܝܠ "ܩܦܝܠܐ ܝܠܗ"، ܘܟܠ ܫܘܢܝܐ ܟܡܬܥܒܕ ܓܘ ܢܘܣܚܐ ܕܥܒܕܐ؛ ܘܐܦ ܓܘ ܢܘܣܚܐ ܟܫܢܚ ܒܣ ܐܡܬܝ ܕܐܝܬ ܣܗܕܘܬܐ ܫܪܝܪܬܐ ܥܠ ܛܝܡܐ ܬܪܝܨܐ – ܡܫܬܘܬܦܢܐ ܡܫܟܚܐ ܝܠܗ، ܦܢܩܝܬܐ ܩܕܡܝܬܐ ܕܫܘܐ̈ܠܐ ܒܚܝܪܬܐ ܝܠܗ. ܡܬܠܐ ܕܝܠܗܘܢ: ܡܬܩܠܐ ܕ-310 kg، ܘܒܨܘܝܬܐ "ܫܪܝܪܐ ܝܠܗ" ܕܟܬܝܒܐ ܝܠܗ 310 ܒܕܘܟܬܐ ܕ-130؛ ܗܠ ܕܚܫܕܐ ܫܪܝܪܐ ܗܘܐ ܩܘܒܠ ܡܒܘܥܐ، ܛܝܡܐ ܠܐ ܟܫܢܐ. ܟܬܒܐ ܕܫܘܢܝ̈ܐ: ܡܢܘ ܫܢܐ ܠܗ، ܐܡܬܝ، ܡܘܕܝ ܘܩܐ ܡܘܕܝ – ܓܘ ܟܬܒܐ ܕܟܬܝܒܬܐ، ܓܘ ܥܡܘܕܐ ܕܡ̈ܠܐ ܓܘ ܦܐܝܠ، ܝܢ، ܛܒܐ ܡܢ ܟܠܗ، ܐܝܟ ܡܥܝܪ̈ܢܘܬܐ ܓܘ ܦܐܝܠ ܕܦܘ̈ܩܕܢܐ ܕܬܘܟܢܝܬܐ (ܓܘ ܣܐܝܛ: ܦܐܝܠ ܕܣܝܢܬܐܟܣ ܕܟܠ ܡܚܫܒܢܐ ܟܡܚܬܐ ܟܟܬܒ ܡܘܕܝ ܪܗܛܐ ܝܠܗ؛ ܫܘܢܝ̈ܐ ܓܘ ܝܗܝ̈ܒܬܐ ܟܪܫܡܚ ܓܘ ܓܠܝܘܢܐ ܕܦܘ̈ܩܕܢܐ (instructions) ܕܛܘܦܣܐ ܝܢ ܓܘ ܥܡܘܕܐ ܕܡܥܝܪ̈ܢܘܬܐ ܓܘ ܡܦܫܩܢܐ – ܡܥܝܪܢܘܬܐ ܕܣܐܝܛ). ܬܪܝܢ ܢܘܣ̈ܚܐ ܕܡܫܬܚܠܦܢܐ ܕܬܘܪܨܐ ܝܠܗ – "ܥܘܡܪܐ" ܘ"ܥܘܡܪܐ_ܡܬܘܪܨܐ" – ܩܐ ܡܪܗܛܐ ܕܦܘܫܩܐ ܥܡ ܘܕܠܐ ܬܘܪܨܐ ܘܠܡܚܙܐ ܐܢ ܫܢܐ ܠܗ ܡܕܡ. ܘܥܝܢܐ ܬܪܝܢܝܬܐ ܥܠ ܟܠ ܫܘܢܝܐ، ܛܒܐ ܕܗܘܝܐ ܕܒܨܘܝܐ ܕܐܝܬ ܠܗ ܙܒܢܐ ܝܬܝܪܐ (Cunningham & Muir, 2023).

ܓܠܝܘܢܐ ܐܠܩܛܪܘܢܝܐ – ܥܪܨܐ ܕܣܐܝܛ ܚܝܐ ܥܡܗ. Cunningham ܘ-Muir ܟܡܪܚܩܝ ܠܡܥܠܐ ܘܠܡܕܒܪ ܝܗܝ̈ܒܬܐ ܓܘ ܬܘܟܢܝܬܐ ܕ-database ܘܠܐ ܓܘ ܓܠܝܘܢܐ ܐܠܩܛܪܘܢܝܐ، ܡܛܠ ܥܠܬܐ ܚܕܐ: ܓܘ ܐܩܣܠ ܡܨܝܐ ܒܛܥܝܘܬܐ ܠܡܛܟܣ ܚܕ ܥܡܘܕܐ ܕܠܐ ܥܡܘ̈ܕܐ ܐܚܪ̈ܢܐ – ܘܡܢ ܗܝ ܫܥܬܐ ܟܠ ܛܝ̈ܡܐ ܕܡܫܬܘܬܦ̈ܢܐ ܠܐ ܬܪ̈ܝܨܐ ܝܢܐ – ܠܡܫܩܠ ܝܢ ܠܡܬܢܐ ܣܕܪܐ، ܝܢ ܠܡܫܩܠ ܥܡܘܕܐ ܓܡܝܪܐ. ܛܘܦܣܐ ܕܣܐܝܛ ܥܡ ܗܕܐ ܦܐܝܠ ܕܐܩܣܠ ܝܠܗ، ܡܛܠ ܕܐܗܐ ܝܠܗ ܡܐ ܕܐܝܬ ܠܣܓܝܐܐ ܡܢ ܒܨܘ̈ܝܐ؛ ܢܛܘܪ̈ܘܬܐ ܥܝܕܐ ܕܣܐܝܛ ܝܢܐ، ܠܐ ܡܝܬܝܬܐ ܡܢ ܡܒܘܥܐ: ܥܡܘܕܐ ܕܡܢܝܢܐ ܡܦܪܫܢܐ (ܢܡܘܣܐ 3 – ܡܢܝܢܐ ܕܠܐ ܝܠܗ ܓܘ ܕܘܟܬܗ ܟܓܠܐ ܛܘܟܣܐ ܡܢܬܢܝܐ)، ܛܘܟܣܐ ܒܣ ܕܠܘܚܐ ܟܠܗ (ܠܡܓܒܐ ܟܠ ܥܡܘ̈ܕܐ ܩܕܡ "Sort")، ܡܒܘܥܐ ܩܦܝܠܐ، ܘܢܘܣܚܐ ܕܥܒܕܐ ܩܐ ܟܠ ܦܘܫܩܐ – ܘܡܒܚܪܢܐ ܟܡܘܕܥ ܥܠ ܡܢܝܢܐ ܡܦܪܫܢܐ ܕܠܐ ܝܠܗ ܝܚܝܕܝܐ، ܕܐܝܠܗ ܪܘܫܡܐ ܕܣܕܪܐ ܬܢܝܢܐ.

ܬܠܬܐ ܙܢ̈ܐ ܕܛܥܝܘܬܐ. (1) ܛܝ̈ܡܐ ܚܣܝ̈ܪܐ – ܦܫܝܩ̈ܐ ܡܢ ܟܠܗ ܠܦܪܫܬܐ (ܛܝ̈ܡܐ ܚܣܝ̈ܪܐ). (2) ܛܝ̈ܡܐ ܕܠܐ ܡܨܝܐ ܕܗܘܝܐ – ܥܘܡܪܐ 200، ܓܢܣܐ 3. ܡܐ ܕܟܬܚܡ ܠܗܘܢ ܝܠܗ ܝܕܥܬܐ ܥܠ ܡܠܬܐ، ܕܦܣܝܩܬܐ ܝܠܗ ܩܕܡ ܟܢܫܐ ܕܝܗܝ̈ܒܬܐ: ܬܚܘܡ̈ܐ ܩܫܝ̈ܐ – ܛܝܡܐ ܕܠܐ ܡܨܐ ܕܗܘܐ، ܕܣܢܝܩ ܠܒܘܚܪܢܐ ܒܥܓܠ – ܘܬܚܘܡ̈ܐ ܪܟܝ̈ܟܐ – ܛܝܡܐ ܕܡܨܐ ܕܗܘܐ ܐܠܐ ܝܩܝܪܐ (ܓܘܪܐ ܓܐܝܐ ܕܥܣܪܐ) ܕܫܪܝܐ ܝܠܗ ܠܡܥܠܐ ܘܪܫܝܡܐ ܝܠܗ ܩܐ ܒܘܚܪܢܐ. ܓܘ ܦܢܩܝܬܐ ܕܫܘܐ̈ܠܐ ܐܘܢܠܐܝܢ ܛܒܐ ܝܠܗ ܙܘܗܪܐ ܡܢ ܟܠܝܬܐ: ܐܢ ܦܢܩܝܬܐ ܟܫܪܝܐ ܡܝܢܩܢܘܬܐ ܗܠ 24 ܝܪ̈ܚܐ ܒܣ، ܝܡܐ ܕܡܝܢܩܠܗ ܐܪܒܥ ܫܢ̈ܐ ܒܕ ܟܬܒܐ 24 ܝܢ "ܠܐ ܝܕܥܢ" – ܬܪܬܝܢ ܛܥܝ̈ܘܬܐ ܕܚܕ ܠܐ ܒܕ ܦܪܫ، ܡܛܠ ܕܚܕ ܛܝܡܐ ܕܠܐ ܡܨܐ ܕܗܘܐ ܠܐ ܗܘܝܠܗ. ܡܢܬܐ ܡܢ ܛܝ̈ܡܐ ܕܠܐ ܡܨܝܐ ܕܗܘܝܐ ܟܡܬܚܙܝ ܒܣ ܒܨܠܝܒܘܬܐ: 12 ܝܠܘ̈ܕܐ – ܡܨܐ ܕܗܘܐ؛ 12 ܝܠܘ̈ܕܐ ܒܥܘܡܪܐ ܕ-15 – ܠܐ. ܛܝܡܐ ܕܠܐ ܡܨܐ ܕܗܘܐ ܕܠܐ ܡܨܝܐ ܠܡܫܪܪ ܩܘܒܠ ܡܒܘܥܐ ܠܐ ܟܦܐܫ – ܟܗܘܐ ܚܣܝܪܐ، ܟܬܝܒܐ ܗܟܢܐ ܕܦܪܝܫܐ ܗܘܐ ܡܢ ܚܣܝ̈ܪܐ ܐܚܪ̈ܢܐ. (3) ܛܝ̈ܡܐ ܦܘܫ̈ܝܐ ܕܡܨܝܐ ܕܗܘܝܐ – 10 ܫܢ̈ܐ ܕܝܘܠܦܢܐ ܕܟܬܝܒ̈ܐ ܝܢܐ ܐܝܟ 1، ܦܘܢܝܐ ܠܫܘܐܠܐ 29 ܕܪܫܝܡܐ ܝܠܗ ܓܘ ܫܘܐܠܐ 30 – ܩܫܝ̈ܐ ܡܢ ܟܠܗ، ܡܛܠ ܕܚܕ ܡܕܡ ܓܘ ܦܐܝܠ ܠܐ ܟܓܠܐ ܠܗܘܢ؛ ܟܦܪܫܚ ܠܗܘܢ ܒܣ ܩܘܒܠ ܡܒܘܥܐ، ܒܨܠܝܒ̈ܘܬܐ ܥܡ ܡܫܬܚܠܦ̈ܢܐ ܐܚܪ̈ܢܐ، ܘܒܕܘܡܝܐ ܓܕܫܢܝܐ ܕܦܢܩ̈ܝܬܐ ܕܫܘܐ̈ܠܐ ܕܟܡܦܚܡܚ ܥܡ ܦܐܝܠ (Cunningham & Muir, 2023). ܓܘ ܟܬܝܒܬܐ ܒܐܝܕܐ ܡܢ ܟܘܓܕܐ، ܐܢܝ ܟܡܝܬܝ ܟܬܝܒܬܐ ܬܢܝܢܬܐ – ܬܪܝܢ ܟܬܘܒ̈ܐ، ܦܘܚܡܐ ܕܦܘܪ̈ܫܢܐ، ܘܠܟܡܝܘܬܐ 25% ܡܢ ܦܢܩ̈ܝܬܐ ܕܫܘܐ̈ܠܐ ܐܢ ܠܐ ܟܠܗܝܢ – ܘܚܫܒܐ ܗܦܝܟܐ، ܕܒܘܚܪ̈ܢܐ ܦܫܝܩ̈ܐ ܕܦܬܝܘܬܐ ܟܐܚܕܝ ܣܓܝܐܐ ܡܢ ܛܥܝ̈ܘܬܐ ܕܟܫܢܝ ܦܐܪܐ.

ܡܨܠܠܢܘܬܐ ܬܚܘܝܬܢܝܬܐ ܕܐܢܝ ܟܬܚܘܝ ܝܠܗ ܡܐ ܕܡܚܫܒܢܐ ܣܓܝܐܘ̈ܬܐ ܘܣܛܐܛܝܣܛܝܩܐ ܡܚܘܝܢܝܬܐ ܟܝܗܒ ܩܐ ܟܠ ܡܫܬܚܠܦܢܐ: ܡܨܥܝܬܐ، ܛܝܡܐ ܡܨܥܝܐ، ܛܝܡܐ ܬܚܬܝܐ، ܛܝܡܐ ܥܠܝܐ، ܡܢܝܢܐ ܕܚܣܝ̈ܪܐ، ܗܝܣܛܘܓܪܡ ܩܐ ܡܬܡܫܚܢܐ – ܘܡܐܛܪܝܟܣ ܕܐܣܘܪ̈ܐ ܕܚܕ̈ܕܐ ܘܠܘ̈ܚܐ ܕܨܠܝܒܘܬܐ ܩܐ ܡܚܙܝܐ ܐܣܘܪܐ ܒܐܘܪܚܐ ܕܠܐ ܡܣܟܝܬܐ. ܡܒܚܪܢܐ ܓܘ ܐܗܐ ܦܐܬܐ ܟܥܒܕ ܕܪܓܐ ܕܩܕܡܗ: ܦܬܝܘ̈ܬܐ ܩܘܒܠ ܡܦܫܩܢܐ، ܡ̈ܠܐ ܓܘ ܥܡܘܕܐ ܡܢܝܢܝܐ، ܪ̈ܡܙܐ ܕܚܣܝܪܐ، ܥܡܘ̈ܕܐ ܩܝ̈ܡܐ. ܡܐ ܕܠܐ ܟܥܒܕ: ܨܠܝܒ̈ܘܬܐ (ܥܘܡܪܐ × ܝܠܘ̈ܕܐ)، ܦܘܚܡܐ ܥܡ ܡܒܘܥܐ، ܘܦܣܩܬܐ ܐܢ ܡܫܬܚܠܦܢܐ ܡܦܠܚܐ ܝܠܗ ܒܟܠ – ܓܒܝ Cunningham ܘ-Muir ܡܫܬܚܠܦܢܐ ܕ-90% ܡܢ ܛܝ̈ܡܐ ܕܝܠܗ ܫܘ̈ܝܐ ܝܢܐ، ܝܢ ܕܣܓܝܐܐ ܡܢܗ ܚܣܝܪܐ ܝܠܗ، ܟܦܠܛ ܡܢ ܦܘܫܩܐ. ܘܬܘܢܝܐ، ܓܘ ܨܚܚܐ ܕܐܘܪܚܐ: ܟܡܐ ܚܣܝ̈ܪܐ (ܠܦܘܬ ܙܢܐ – ܠܐ ܨܒܝܢܐ، "ܠܐ ܝܕܥܢ"، ܠܐ ܦܐܫ)، ܟܡܐ ܕܠܐ ܡܨܝܐ ܕܗܘܝܐ، ܟܡܐ ܚܫܝܕ̈ܐ، ܡܘܕܝ ܥܒܝܕܐ ܝܠܗ ܥܡܗܘܢ، ܘܡܫܟܚ̈ܢܘܬܐ ܥܡ ܘܕܠܐ ܛܝ̈ܡܐ ܕܬܘܪܨܐ ܝܢܐ. ܟܬܒܐ ܕܪ̈ܡܙܐ ܓܒܝܗܘܢ ܐܦ ܟܡܚܘܐ ܬܚܘܡ̈ܐ ܕܠܐ ܡܨܐ ܕܗܘܐ ܘܛܘܦ̈ܣܐ ܕܫܒܩܐ – ܓܘ ܣܐܝܛ، ܥܡܘܕܐ ܕܡܥܝܪ̈ܢܘܬܐ (notes) ܓܘ ܡܦܫܩܢܐ.

ܡܢ ܛܘܦܣܐ ܠ-SPSS ܘܕܥܪܬܐ

ܦܐܝܠ ܕܐܩܣܠ ܟܦܬܚ ܓܘ SPSS ܒܝܕ File › Open › Data (ܙܢܐ ܕܦܐܝܠ Excel، ܥܡ ܪܘܫܡܐ "Read variable names from the first row of data")، ܘܒܬܪܟܢ ܟܬܚܡܚ ܒܐܝܕܐ ܓܘ ܟܘܬܐ ܕܡܫܬܚܠܦ̈ܢܐ ܪܘܫܡܐ، ܪܘ̈ܫܡܐ ܕܛܝ̈ܡܐ ܘܕܪܓܐ ܕܡܫܘܚܬܐ ܕܟܠ ܡܫܬܚܠܦܢܐ (Pallant, 2020, Chapter 4; Field, 2024, Section 4.6.9). ܣܝܢܬܐܟܣ (syntax (SPSS)) ܕܡܒܚܪܢܐ ܟܡܚܬܐ (ܘܟܠ ܡܚܫܒܢܐ ܓܘ ܣܐܝܛ) ܟܢܛܪ ܡܢܬܐ ܕܒܐܝܕܐ: ܣܕܪܐ ܚܕ ܕ-CD ܟܦܣܩ folder (ܟܚܕܬܚ ܒܣ ܐܗܘ)، ܦܘܩܕܢܐ GET DATA ܟܛܥܢ ܓܠܝܘܢܐ ܕܝܗܝ̈ܒܬܐ، ܘܦܘ̈ܩܕܢܐ ܕܟܬܒܐ ܕܪ̈ܡܙܐ – VARIABLE LABELS، VALUE LABELS، VARIABLE LEVEL – ܟܬܝܒ̈ܐ ܝܢܐ ܡܢ ܡܦܫܩܢܐ:

CD 'C:\Rdata'.
GET DATA
  /TYPE=XLSX
  /FILE='DATA_template_example_heb.xlsx'
  /SHEET=name 'נתונים'
  /CELLRANGE=FULL
  /READNAMES=ON.
DATASET NAME data WINDOW=FRONT.

VARIABLE LABELS
  מין 'מין הנבדק'
  גיל 'גיל בשנים'
  השכלה 'רמת ההשכלה הגבוהה ביותר'.
VALUE LABELS
  /מין
    1 'גבר'
    2 'אישה'
  /השכלה
    1 'תיכונית'
    2 'על-תיכונית'
    3 'אקדמית – תואר ראשון'
    4 'אקדמית – תואר מתקדם'.
VARIABLE LEVEL מין (NOMINAL).
VARIABLE LEVEL השכלה (ORDINAL).
VARIABLE LEVEL גיל (SCALE).
SAVE OUTFILE='DATA_template_example_heb.sav'.

ܒܐܘܪܚܐ ܗܦܝܟܬܐ – ܡܢ ܕܩܒܠܠܗ ܦܐܝܠ .sav ܘܟܒܥܐ ܠܡܪܗܛ ܠܗ ܓܘ ܣܐܝܛ (ܝܢ ܒܣ ܠܡܦܬܚ ܠܗ ܓܘ ܐܩܣܠ) – ܡܢ SPSS ܠܐܩܣܠ ܟܥܒܕ ܡܢܗ ܐܗܐ ܛܘܦܣܐ: ܓܠܝܘܢܐ ܕܝܗܝ̈ܒܬܐ ܘܓܠܝܘܢܐ ܕܡܦܫܩܢܐ ܕܒܢܝܐ ܝܠܗ ܡܢ ܟܬܒܐ ܕܪ̈ܡܙܐ ܕܦܐܝܠ (ܪܘܫܡܐ، ܕܪܓܐ ܕܡܫܘܚܬܐ، ܪܘ̈ܫܡܐ ܕܛܝ̈ܡܐ، ܛܝ̈ܡܐ ܚܣܝ̈ܪܐ ܬܚܝܡ̈ܐ).

ܛܥܝ̈ܘܬܐ ܕܡܬܚܙܝܢ ܣܓܝ (Common mistakes)

ܬܪܝܢ ܣܕܪ̈ܐ ܕܪ̈ܫܐ (ܫܡܐ ܕܡܫܬܚܠܦܢܐ ܘܬܚܘܬܗ ܢܘܣܚܐ ܕܫܘܐܠܐ). ܡܚܫܒ̈ܢܐ ܟܩܪܝ ܣܕܪܐ ܚܕ؛ ܢܘܣܚܐ ܕܫܘܐܠܐ ܟܐܙܠ ܠܥܡܘܕܐ ܕܬܚܘܝܬܐ (description) ܓܘ ܡܦܫܩܢܐ.

ܣܕܪܐ ܕܓܘܡܪܐ ܝܢ ܕܡܨܥܝܬܐ ܓܘ ܚܪܬܐ ܕܓܠܝܘܢܐ. ܐܗܘ ܩܪܝܐ ܝܠܗ ܐܝܟ ܡܫܬܘܬܦܢܐ ܝܬܝܪܐ.

ܡ̈ܠܐ ܒܕܘܟܬܐ ܕܪܡܙܐ ("ܓܒܪܐ"/"ܐܢܬܬܐ" ܒܕܘܟܬܐ ܕ-1/2). ܟܦܠܚ ܐܝܟ ܕܓܢ̈ܣܐ، ܐܠܐ ܟܬܒܪ ܒܗܝ ܫܥܬܐ ܕܐܝܬ ܛܥܝܘܬܐ ܕܟܬܝܒܬܐ ܓܘ ܚܕܐ ܡܢ ܩܠ̈ܝܬܐ – "ܐܢܬܐ" ܟܗܘܐ ܓܢܣܐ ܬܠܝܬܝܐ. ܪܡܙܐ + ܡܦܫܩܢܐ ܚܝܠܢܐ ܝܠܗ ܒܢܘܬ.

99 ܐܝܟ ܚܣܝܪܐ ܕܠܐ ܡܐܡܪܐ ܠܚܕ. ܚܙܝܡܘܢ ܛܝ̈ܡܐ ܚܣܝ̈ܪܐ.

ܦܘܪܫܐ ܕܥܣܪܘܬܐ (3,5) ܝܢ ܡܫܘ̈ܚܬܐ ܓܘ ܩܠܝܬܐ (25 ܫܢ̈ܐ، 80%). ܩܠܝܬܐ ܩܪܝܬܐ ܝܠܗ ܐܝܟ ܡ̈ܠܐ، ܝܥܢܝ ܐܝܟ ܚܣܝܪܐ.

ܫܡܐ ܦܪܝܫܐ ܕܡܫܬܚܠܦܢܐ ܓܘ ܡܦܫܩܢܐ ("ܥܘܡܪܐ " ܥܡ ܦܘܪܫܐ، "Gender" ܩܘܒܠ "gender"). ܣܕܪܐ ܓܘ ܡܦܫܩܢܐ ܫܒܝܩܐ ܝܠܗ – ܡܒܚܪܢܐ ܟܡܘܕܥ ܥܠܗ.

ܡܢܝܢܐ ܕܣܒܠܬܐ ܕܚܫܝܒܐ ܝܠܗ ܒܢܘܣܚܐ ܕܐܩܣܠ – ܢܛܝܪܐ ܝܠܗ ܐܝܟ ܢܘܣܚܐ، ܘܓܘ ܢܣܚܐ ܝܢ ܫܘܢܝܐ ܟܓܐܒ. ܦܐܬܐ ܕܐܠܦܐ ܟܚܫܒ ܘܟܡܕܥܪ ܛܝ̈ܡܐ.

ܒܢܝܢܐ ܐܪܝܟܐ (ܣܕܪܐ ܩܐ ܟܠ ܚܙܝܬܐ، ܥܡܘܕܐ ܕ"ܙܒܢܐ" ܘܥܡܘܕܐ ܕ"ܛܝܡܐ"). ܡܫܘ̈ܚܬܐ ܡܬܢ̈ܝܬܐ ܟܐܙܠܝ ܠܥܡܘ̈ܕܐ (Field, 2024, Section 4.6.1).

ܛܘܟܣܐ ܕܚܕ ܥܡܘܕܐ ܕܠܐ ܐܚܪ̈ܢܐ. ܡܢ ܗܝ ܫܥܬܐ ܛܝ̈ܡܐ ܕܡܫܬܘܬܦ̈ܢܐ ܠܐ ܬܪ̈ܝܨܐ ܝܢܐ؛ ܡܢܝܢܐ ܡܦܪܫܢܐ ܟܓܠܐ، ܢܘܣܚܐ ܢܛܝܪܐ ܟܦܪܩ (Cunningham & Muir, 2023).

"ܠܬܘܪܨܐ" ܛܝܡܐ ܕܠܐ ܣܗܕܘܬܐ ܡܢ ܡܒܘܥܐ، ܓܘ ܦܐܝܠ ܩܕܡܝܐ. 310 kg ܟܦܐܫ ܗܠ ܕܦܢܩܝܬܐ ܕܫܘܐ̈ܠܐ ܒܚܝܪܬܐ ܗܘܝܐ؛ ܫܘܢܝܐ – ܓܘ ܢܘܣܚܐ، ܓܘ ܟܬܒܐ ܕܫܘܢܝ̈ܐ (Cunningham & Muir, 2023).

"ܠܐ ܝܕܥܢ" ܘܠܐ ܨܒܝܢܐ ܒܗܘ ܪܡܙܐ. ܦܘܪܫܢܐ ܟܓܐܒ ܠܥܠܡ؛ ܬܪܝܢ ܪ̈ܡܙܐ، ܬܪܘܝܗܝ ܓܘ ܡܦܫܩܢܐ (Cunningham & Muir, 2023).

ܡܒܘ̈ܥܐ

Cunningham, S. A., & Muir, J. A. (2023). Data cleaning. In A. L. Nichols & J. E. Edlund (Eds.), The Cambridge handbook of research methods and statistics for the social and behavioral sciences: Vol. 1. Building a program of research (pp. 443-467). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009010054.022

Field, A. (2024). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics (6th ed.). SAGE.

Pallant, J. (2020). SPSS survival manual: A step by step guide to data analysis using IBM SPSS (7th ed.). Routledge.

ܠܦܘܬ ܢܡܘܣܐ ܕܣܐܝܛ (site rule)، ܓܘ ܪܫܝܡܬܐ ܕܡܒܘ̈ܥܐ (reference list) ܟܡܬܚܙܝ ܒܣ ܡܒܘ̈ܥܐ ܕܩܪܝ̈ܐ ܝܢܐ ܓܘ ܢܘܣܚܐ ܩܕܡܝܐ. Field (2024) ܘ-Pallant (2020) ܓܘ ܢܘܣܚܐ ܕܝܓܝܛܠܝܐ ܕܪܕܝܐ – ܡܝܬܝܬܐ ܠܦܘܬ ܦܣܩܐ ܘܨܚܚܐ؛ Cunningham ܘ-Muir (2023) – ܠܦܘܬ ܨܚܚܐ ܟܠܗ؛ Osborne (2013) – ܐܝܟ ܕܡܝܬܝܐ ܝܠܗ ܓܒܝܗܘܢ. ܢܡܘ̈ܣܐ ܕܛܘܦܣܐ ܒܝܕܗܘܢ (ܫܡ̈ܗܐ ܕܓܠܝ̈ܘܢܐ، ܡ̈ܠܐ ܝܕ̈ܝܥܐ ܓܘ ܥܡܘܕܐ ܕܙܢܐ، ܢܡܘܣܐ ܕ-7 ܛܝ̈ܡܐ) ܥܝ̈ܕܐ ܕܣܐܝܛ ܝܢܐ ܘܠܐ ܫܩܝ̈ܠܐ ܝܢܐ ܡܢ ܡܒܘܥܐ.