ܦܘܠܚܢܐ ܕܒܘܨܝܐ ܕܫܘܐ̈ܠܐ: ܟܬܒܐ ܕܪ̈ܡܙܐ، ܒܘܚܪ̈ܢܐ ܘܠܘ̈ܚܐ

ܡܚܫܒܢܐ (calculator)

1. ܛܥܢܐ ܕܝܗܝ̈ܒܬܐ

ܟܡܕܒܩܚ ܥܡܘ̈ܕܐ ܬܪܝܨܐܝܬ ܡܢ ܓܠܝܘܢܐ (worksheet)، ܥܡ ܣܕܪܐ ܕܪ̈ܫܐ (header row) – ܟܪܫܡܚ ܓܘ ܐܩܣܠ، ܟܢܣܚܚ، ܘܟܡܕܒܩܚ ܠܐܟܐ:

ܡܕܒܪܢܐ (guide)

ܐܝܡܢ ܡܦܠܚܝܚ (When to use)؟

ܐܡܬܝ ܕܐܝܬ ܦܐܝܠ ܕܦܘܢ̈ܝܐ ܕܒܘܨܝܐ ܕܫܘܐ̈ܠܐ (survey) – ܦܢܩܝܬܐ ܕܫܘܐ̈ܠܐ (questionnaire) ܕܟܠ ܡܦܢܝܢܐ (respondent) ܦܢܐ ܠܗ ܚܕ ܓܗܐ – ܘܟܒܥܚ "ܟܬܒܐ ܕܠܘ̈ܚܐ": ܠܘܚܐ ܕܣܓܝܐܘ̈ܬܐ (frequencies) ܩܐ ܟܠ ܫܘܐܠܐ، ܒܛܟܣܐ ܕܦܢܩܝܬܐ، ܥܡ ܡܢܘ̈ܬܐ ܒܡܐܐ ܥܠ ܫܬܐܣܐ (base) ܦܪܝܫܐ، ܘܒܚܪܬܐ ܬܚܘܝܬܐ ܕܡܦܢܝ̈ܢܐ. ܐܗܐ ܝܠܗ ܡܘܕܥܢܘܬܐ ܫܬܐܣܝܬܐ ܕܟܠ ܒܘܨܝܐ ܕܫܘܐ̈ܠܐ، ܘܒܪܘܒܐ ܐܦ ܬܘܣܦܬܐ ܕܨܚܚܐ ܕܡܫܟܚ̈ܢܘܬܐ (results chapter). ܦܐܬܐ ܟܦܠܚܐ ܥܡ ܫܘܐ̈ܠܐ ܕܦܘܢܝܐ ܝܚܝܕܝܐ (ܡܦܢܝܢܐ ܟܓܒܐ ܓܘܒܝܐ ܚܕ) ܘܥܡ ܡܫܬܚܠܦ̈ܢܐ ܕܬܚܘܝܬܐ (background variables)، ܥܡ ܫܘܐ̈ܠܐ ܕܦܘܢ̈ܝܐ ܣܓܝ̈ܐܐ (ܥܡܘܕܐ ܩܐ ܟܠ ܓܘܒܝܐ)، ܥܡ ܣܕܪ̈ܐ ܕܫܘܐ̈ܠܐ (batteries) ܥܠ ܗܝ ܣܒܠܬܐ (scale)، ܘܥܡ ܫܘܐ̈ܠܐ ܕܫܐܝܠ̈ܐ ܝܢܐ ܒܣ ܡܢ ܡܢܬܐ ܕܡܦܢܝ̈ܢܐ (ܫܘܝܘܬܐ). ܡܐ ܕܗܠ ܐܕܝܘܡ ܠܐ – ܠܬܚܬ.

ܦܘܪܫܢܐ ܡܢ ܦܐܬܐ ܣܓܝܐܘ̈ܬܐ ܘܣܛܐܛܝܣܛܝܩܐ ܡܚܘܝܢܝܬܐ: ܬܡܢ ܟܬܚܘܚ ܡܫܬܚܠܦܢܐ ܚܕ ܒܥܘܡܩܐ – ܣܓܝܐܘ̈ܬܐ، ܡܚܘ̈ܝܢܐ ܕܡܨܥܬܐ ܘܕܒܕܪܐ، histogram ܘܣܐܡܬܐ ܕܢܘܪܡܠܝܘܬܐ. ܠܟܐ – ܫܘܐ̈ܠܐ ܣܓܝ̈ܐܐ ܒܚܕ ܓܗܐ، ܒܛܟܣܐ ܕܡܘܕܥܢܘܬܐ، ܥܡ ܟܬܒܐ ܕܪ̈ܡܙܐ ܘܡܘܕܥܢܘܬܐ ܕܩܒܠܬܐ ܩܕܡܝܗܘܢ. ܬܪܘܝܗܘܢ ܦܐܬ̈ܐ ܟܩܪܝ ܗܘ ܦܐܝܠ.

ܐܘܪܚܐ ܕܥܒܕܐ – ܡܢ ܦܐܝܠ ܠܡܘܕܥܢܘܬܐ

ܐܘܪܚܐ ܕܦܘܠܚܢܐ ܕܒܘܨܝܐ ܕܫܘܐ̈ܠܐ، ܐܝܟ ܕܦܪܝܫܐ ܝܠܗ ܩܐ ܐܗܐ ܡܘܕܘܠ، ܟܥܒܪܐ ܒܬܫܥܐ ܕܪ̈ܓܐ: ܦܬܚܐ ܕܒܘܨܝܐ ܘܟܬܒܐ ܕܪ̈ܡܙܐ؛ ܩܒܠܬܐ ܘܚܘܝܕܐ ܕܦܐܝ̈ܠܐ؛ ܡܕܟܝܢܘܬܐ (cleaning)، ܫܘܝܘܬܐ ܘܪܡܙܢܘܬܐ ܡܢ ܪܝܫ؛ ܡܬܩܠܢܘܬܐ؛ ܢܛܘܪܘܬܐ ܕܒܣܝܣ ܕܝܗܝ̈ܒܬܐ ܩܐ ܦܘܫܩܐ؛ ܠܘ̈ܚܐ؛ ܨܘܪܬܐ ܘܡܦܩܬܐ ܕܡܘܕܥܢܘܬܐ؛ ܡܦܩܬܐ ܝܚܝܕܝܬܐ ܩܐ ܙܒܘܢܐ؛ ܡܩܪܒܬܐ ܘܥܒܕܐ ܡܢ ܪܝܫ. ܓܘ ܕܪܓܐ ܩܕܡܝܐ ܕܡܘܕܘܠ ܦܐܬܐ ܟܡܟܣܝܐ ܡܐ ܕܪܫܝܡܐ ܝܠܗ ܓܘ ܠܘܚܐ:

ܟܬܒܐ ܕܪ̈ܡܙܐ (codebook)

ܩܕܡ ܕܟܬܒܚ ܝܢ ܕܦܫܩܚ، ܟܡܛܝܒܚ ܟܬܒܐ ܕܪ̈ܡܙܐ (codebook / data dictionary): "ܟܢܘܫܝܐ ܕܦܘܩ̈ܕܢܐ ܕܒܕ ܡܦܠܚܝܬܘܢ ܒܗܘܢ ܩܐ ܫܘܢܝܐ ܕܡܘܕܥܢܘܬܐ ܕܐܬܝܐ ܡܢ ܟܠ ܡܫܬܘܬܦܢܐ ܠܨܘܪܬܐ ܕܦܪܘܓܪܡ ܟܡܣܬܟܠ" (Pallant, 2020, Chapter 2). ܟܬܒܐ ܕܪ̈ܡܙܐ ܕ-Pallant (ܠܘܚܐ 2.1 ܬܡܢ) ܚܬܝܬܐܝܬ ܟܬܒܐ ܕܪ̈ܡܙܐ ܕܦܐܬܐ ܝܠܗ: ܫܡܐ ܕܡܫܬܚܠܦܢܐ (variable name) ܓܘ ܦܐܝܠ، ܬܚܘܝܬܐ (ܢܘܣܚܐ ܕܫܘܐܠܐ)، ܦܘܩ̈ܕܢܐ ܕܪܡܙܢܘܬܐ (1 = male, 2 = female)، ܘܪܡܐ ܕܡܫܘܚܬܐ – ܕܫܡܗ̈ܐ (nominal)، ܕܛܟܣܐ (ordinal) ܝܢ ܡܬܡܫܚܢܐ (continuous). ܓܘ ܣܐܝܛ – ܓܠܝܘܢܐ ܕܡܦܫܩܢܐ (legend / מקרא) ܕܛܘܦܣܐ ܬܩܝܢܐ: ܫܡܐ ܕܡܫܬܚܠܦܢܐ | ܬܚܘܝܬܐ | ܙܢܐ ܕܡܫܬܚܠܦܢܐ | ܛܝ̈ܡܐ ܘܪܡܙܢܘܬܐ | ܡܥܝܪ̈ܢܘܬܐ. ܦܐܬܐ ܟܩܪܝܐ ܠܗ، ܟܡܘܣܦܐ ܡܐ ܕܡܨܝܐ ܝܠܗ ܠܡܝܠܦܐ ܡܢ ܝܗܝ̈ܒܬܐ ܓܢܒܝܗܝ، ܘܟܡܚܘܝܐ ܦܐܪܐ ܩܐ ܬܘܩܢܐ.

ܢܡܘ̈ܣܐ ܕܟܬܒܐ ܕܪ̈ܡܙܐ ܟܡܛܠܨ. ܫܡܐ ܕܡܫܬܚܠܦܢܐ ܝܚܝܕܝܐ ܩܐ ܟܠ ܫܘܐܠܐ، ܟܫܪܐ ܒܐܬܘܬܐ، ܕܠܐ ܦܢ̈ܝܬܐ (Pallant, 2020، ܨܚܚܐ 2 – ܢܡܘ̈ܣܐ ܕܫܡܗ̈ܐ ܕ-SPSS؛ ܛܘܦܣܐ ܟܩܒܠ ܐܦ ܥܒܪܝܐ). ܡܫܬܚܠܦܢܐ ܩܕܡܝܐ – ܡܢܝܢܐ ܡܦܪܫܢܐ: "ܡܢܝܢܐ ܝܚܝܕܝܐ ܕܟܡܦܪܫ ܟܠ ܓܕܫܐ"، ܕܟܬܝܒܐ ܝܠܗ ܐܦ ܥܠ ܦܢܩܝܬܐ ܕܫܘܐ̈ܠܐ، ܕܡܨܝܐ ܗܘܐ ܠܡܕܥܪܐ ܠܗ ܐܡܬܝ ܕܟܡܫܟܚܚ ܛܥܝܘܬܐ (ܬܡܢ). ܪܡܙܢܘܬܐ ܕܦܘܢ̈ܝܐ – ܡܢܝܢܐ ܩܐ ܟܠ ܓܘܒܝܐ، ܠܦܘܬ ܛܟܣܐ ܕܓܘܒ̈ܝܐ ܓܘ ܦܢܩܝܬܐ؛ "ܐܚܪܢܐ" ܟܫܩܠ ܪܡܙܐ ܕܝܠܗ (Pallant ܟܝܗܒܐ 99؛ ܬܡܢ). ܡܢܝ̈ܢܐ ܓܘ ܪܡܙܢܘܬܐ ܠܐ ܝܢܐ ܬܠܝ̈ܐ ܒܡܕܡ – "ܐܢܝ̈ ܟܡܚܘܝ ܫܡܗ̈ܐ"، ܘܡܛܠ ܗܕܐ ܙܢܐ ܕܡܫܬܚܠܦܢܐ ܕܫܡܗ̈ܐ ܝܠܗ ܐܦ ܐܡܬܝ ܕܡܢܝܢܝܐ ܝܠܗ (Field, 2024, Section 4.6.5).

ܙܢܐ ܟܦܪܫ ܠܘܚܐ. ܕܓܢ̈ܣܐ (categorical) ܘܕܛܟܣܐ – ܠܘܚܐ ܕܣܓܝܐܘ̈ܬܐ (n ܘܡܢܬܐ ܒܡܐܐ؛ ܩܐ ܕܛܟܣܐ ܐܦ ܡܢܬܐ ܒܡܐܐ ܟܢܝܫܬܐ). ܦܘܢ̈ܝܐ ܣܓܝ̈ܐܐ (ܦܣܘܩܐ) – ܥܡܘܕܐ ܚܕܐ ܕ-0/1 ܡܢ ܫܘܐܠܐ ܕܓܘܗ ܡܨܝܐ ܝܠܗ ܠܡܪܫܡܐ ܟܡܐ ܓܘܒ̈ܝܐ؛ ܟܠ ܦܣܘ̈ܩܐ ܕܓܘ ܗܝ "ܓܘܕܐ" (set) ܟܫܩܠܝ ܠܘܚܐ ܚܕ (ܠܬܚܬ). ܦܣܘ̈ܩܐ ܕܛܟܣܐ ܕܓܘ ܗܘ "ܣܕܪܐ ܕܫܘܐ̈ܠܐ" (battery) – ܠܘܚܐ ܚܕ (ܠܬܚܬ). ܡܬܡܫܚܢܐ – ܠܘܚܐ ܕܡܚܘ̈ܝܢܐ (N، ܡܨܥܝܬܐ، ܣܛܝܘܬܐ ܬܩܝܢܬܐ، ܛܝܡܐ ܡܨܥܝܐ، ܛܝܡܐ ܬܚܬܝܐ، ܛܝܡܐ ܥܠܝܐ)، ܡܛܠ ܕܩܐ ܥܘܡܪܐ ܝܢ ܩܐ ܫܢ̈ܐ ܕܬܫܡܫܬܐ ܠܝܬ "ܓܢ̈ܣܐ"؛ ܩܐ ܠܘܚܐ ܕܣܓܝܐܘ̈ܬܐ ܕܥܘܡܪܐ ܣܢܝܩܐ ܝܠܗ ܩܕܡ ܠܡܟܢܫܐ ܠܓܘ̈ܕܐ (ܪܡܙܢܘܬܐ ܕܦܘܢ̈ܝܐ). ܡ̈ܠܐ (ܫܘܐܠܐ ܦܬܝܚܐ) – ܠܐ ܥܒܝܕܐ ܝܠܗ ܠܠܘܚܐ؛ ܦܐܬܐ ܟܟܬܒܐ ܟܡܐ ܦܢܠܗܘܢ، ܘܦܘܢ̈ܝܐ ܪܡܝ̈ܙܐ ܝܢܐ ܒܦܪܝܫܘܬܐ – Pallant: ܟܩܪܝܚ ܦܘܢ̈ܝܐ، ܟܦܪܫܚ ܡܠ̈ܐ ܕܟܕܥܪ̈ܝ، ܟܝܗܒܚ ܩܐ ܟܠ ܡܠܬܐ ܪܡܙܐ ܘ"ܐܚܪܢܐ" ܩܐ ܫܪܟܐ (2020، ܨܚܚܐ 2). ܡܢܝܢܐ ܡܦܪܫܢܐ – ܠܐ ܥܠܝܠܐ ܝܠܗ.

ܬܘܩܢܐ ܢܛܝܪܐ ܝܠܗ. "ܡܚܬܬܐ ܕܦܐܝܠ ܥܡ ܟܬܒܐ ܕܪ̈ܡܙܐ ܚܕܬܐ" ܟܡܕܥܪܐ ܝܗܝ̈ܒܬܐ ܐܝܟ ܕܛܥ̈ܝܢܬܐ ܝܢܐ ܗܘܘ ܥܡ ܓܠܝܘܢܐ ܕܡܦܫܩܢܐ (legend / "מקרא") ܚܕܬܐ – ܢܘܣ̈ܚܐ ܕܫܘܐ̈ܠܐ، ܙܢ̈ܐ، ܪ̈ܡܙܐ ܘܪ̈ܘܫܡܐ ܕ"ܠܐ ܦܘܢܝܐ ܕܒܥܠ ܣܘܟܠܐ" ܘ"ܡܫܬܚܠܦܢܐ ܕܬܚܘܝܬܐ" ܓܘ ܥܡܘܕܐ ܕܡܥܝܪ̈ܢܘܬܐ. ܐܗܐ ܝܠܗ ܦܐܝܠ ܕܟܡܝܬܚ ܓܘ ܓܗܐ ܕܐܬܐ، ܠܐܟܐ ܘܠܟܠ ܡܚܫܒܢܐ ܐܚܪܢܐ ܓܘ ܣܐܝܛ.

ܛܝ̈ܡܐ ܚܣܝ̈ܪܐ ܘܪ̈ܡܙܐ ܕ"ܠܐ ܝܕܥܢ"

ܬܪܝܢ ܡܕܡ̈ܐ ܦܪ̈ܝܫܐ. ܛܝܡܐ ܚܣܝܪܐ (missing value) – ܡܦܢܝܢܐ ܠܐ ܦܢܐ ܗܘܐ، ܫܘܐܠܐ ܠܐ ܫܐܝܠܐ ܗܘܐ، ܝܢ ܝܗܒܬܐ ܠܐ ܟܬܝܒܬܐ ܗܘܬ. ܢܡܘܣܐ ܕܣܐܝܛ: ܩܠܝܬܐ ܣܦܝܩܬܐ (ܛܘܦܣܐ ܬܩܝܢܐ، ܢܡܘܣܐ 4)؛ Pallant: "ܦܪܘܓܪܡ ܒܕ ܦܪܫ ܟܠ ܩܠܝܬܐ ܣܦܝܩܬܐ ܐܝܟ ܝܗܒܬܐ ܚܣܝܪܬܐ"، ܘܡܛܠ ܗܕܐ ܠܐ ܣܢܝܩܐ ܝܠܗ ܪܡܙܐ ܝܚܝܕܝܐ (2020، ܨܚܚܐ 4). ܪܡܙܐ ܕ"ܠܐ ܝܕܥܢ/ܠܐ ܝܕܥܢܐ" ܝܢ "ܠܐ ܨܒܐ/ܨܒܝܐ ܠܡܦܢܝܐ" – ܡܦܢܝܢܐ ܦܢܐ ܗܘܐ، ܐܠܐ ܠܐ ܦܘܢܝܐ ܕܒܥܠ ܣܘܟܠܐ. ܓܘ ܒܘ̈ܨܝܐ ܕܫܘܐ̈ܠܐ ܥܝܕܐ ܝܠܗ ܠܡܬܠܐ ܠܗ ܪܡܙܐ (9، 99) ܘܠܡܟܬܒܐ ܠܗ ܓܘ ܡܦܫܩܢܐ ܐܝܟ ܟܠ ܪܡܙܐ ܐܚܪܢܐ. Field: ܡܢ ܕܟܡܦܠܚ ܒܪ̈ܡܙܐ ܐܝܟ ܗܢܝ̈ ܣܢܝܩܐ ܝܠܗ ܕܓܒܐ "ܛܝܡܐ ܕܠܐ ܡܨܝܐ" – ܪܒܐ ܡܢ ܛܝܡܐ ܥܠܝܐ ܕܣܒܠܬܐ – ܘܕܡܘܕܥ ܠܦܪܘܓܪܡ ܕܗܘ ܚܣܝܪܐ ܝܠܗ، ܐܢ ܠܐ "ܦܪܘܓܪܡ ܒܕ ܚܫܒ ܠܗ ܐܝܟ ܛܝܡܐ ܬܪܝܨܐ"؛ SPSS ܟܫܒܩ ܗܠ ܬܠܬܐ ܪ̈ܡܙܐ ܦܪ̈ܝܫܐ، ܟܠ ܚܕ ܒܣܘܟܠܐ ܐܚܪܢܐ – ܠܐ ܡܬܥܠܩܢܐ، ܠܐ ܝܕܥܢ، ܠܐ ܦܢܐ (2024, Section 4.6.8; Pallant, 2020, Chapter 4).

ܦܐܬܐ ܟܡܦܪܫܐ ܪ̈ܡܙܐ ܐܝܟ ܗܢܝ̈ ܠܦܘܬ ܪܘܫܡܐ ܓܘ ܡܦܫܩܢܐ ("ܠܐ ܝܕܥܢ"، "ܠܐ ܨܒܐ ܠܡܦܢܝܐ"، "ܠܐ ܡܬܥܠܩܢܐ"، don't know، refused…) ܘܟܪܫܡܐ ܠܗܘܢ ܓܘ ܟܬܒܐ ܕܪ̈ܡܙܐ ܓܘ ܥܡܘܕܐ "ܠܐ ܦܘܢܝܐ ܕܒܥܠ ܣܘܟܠܐ" – ܡܨܝܐ ܝܠܗ ܠܬܘܪܨܐ. ܓܘܒܝܐ ܡܩܕܡܐ: ܐܢܝ̈ ܦܠܛ̈ܐ ܝܢܐ ܡܢ ܫܬܐܣܐ ܕܡܢܘ̈ܬܐ ܒܡܐܐ ܘܬܢܝ̈ܐ ܝܢܐ ܓܘ ܡܥܝܪܢܘܬܐ ܕܠܘܚܐ، ܚܬܝܬܐܝܬ ܐܝܟ ܕ-MISSING VALUES ܓܘ SPSS ܟܡܦܠܛ ܠܗܘܢ ܡܢ Valid Percent. ܟܬܒܐ ܕܐܘܪܚܐ ܕܥܒܕܐ ܟܦܪܫ ܒܝܢܝ "ܠܐ ܫܐܝܠܐ، ܠܐ ܨܒܝܢܐ، ܠܐ ܝܕܥܢ ܘܚܣܝܪܐ ܬܟܢܝܩܝܐ" – ܦܘܪܫܢܐ ܕܡܨܝܐ ܝܠܗ ܠܡܢܛܪܐ ܠܗ ܒܪ̈ܡܙܐ ܦܪ̈ܝܫܐ ܓܘ ܡܦܫܩܢܐ؛ ܓܘ ܐܗܐ ܕܪܓܐ ܦܐܬܐ ܟܦܠܚܐ ܥܡ ܟܠܗܘܢ ܒܗܝ ܐܘܪܚܐ (ܠܒܪ ܡܢ ܫܬܐܣܐ ܝܢ ܐܝܟ ܣܕܪܐ، ܠܦܘܬ ܓܘܒܝܐ).

ܒܘܚܪ̈ܢܐ ܕܝܗܝ̈ܒܬܐ ܩܕܡ ܦܘܫܩܐ

"ܣܓܝ ܦܫܝܩܐ ܝܠܗ ܠܡܛܥܝܐ ܓܘ ܟܬܝܒܬܐ ܕܝܗܝ̈ܒܬܐ، ܘܒܥܩܬܐ ܟܡܐ ܛܥܝ̈ܘܬܐ ܡܨܝ ܕܡܚܒܠܝ ܓܡܝܪܐܝܬ ܦܘܫܩ̈ܐ" – ܠܡܟܬܒܐ 35 ܒܕܘܟܬܐ ܕ-3 (Pallant, 2020, Chapter 5). Pallant ܟܡܬܚܘܝܐ ܬܪܝܢ ܕܪ̈ܓܐ: ܠܡܒܚܪܐ – ܩܐ ܟܠ ܡܫܬܚܠܦܢܐ، ܛܝ̈ܡܐ ܠܒܪ ܡܢ ܦܬܝܘܬܐ ܕܡܨܝܐ ܝܠܗ؛ ܘܠܡܫܟܚܐ ܘܠܬܘܪܨܐ – ܓܘ ܐܝܢܐ ܣܕܪܐ ܐܝܬ ܛܥܝܘܬܐ. ܒܘܚܪܢܐ ܩܐ ܡܫܬܚܠܦܢܐ ܕܓܢ̈ܣܐ ܠܘܚܐ ܝܠܗ ܕܣܓܝܐܘ̈ܬܐ ܥܡ ܛܝܡܐ ܬܚܬܝܐ ܘܛܝܡܐ ܥܠܝܐ: ܐܢ ܓܢܣܐ ܪܡܝܙܐ ܝܠܗ 1-2، ܛܝܡܐ 3 ܛܥܝܘܬܐ ܝܠܗ؛ ܩܐ ܡܫܬܚܠܦܢܐ ܡܬܡܫܚܢܐ – Descriptives ܥܡ ܛܝܡܐ ܬܚܬܝܐ، ܛܝܡܐ ܥܠܝܐ ܘܡܨܥܝܬܐ: ܥܘܡܪܐ 2 ܓܘ ܕܘܡܝܐ ܕܓܘܪ̈ܐ ܛܥܝܘܬܐ ܝܠܗ، ܘ"ܐܝܬ ܣܘܟܠܐ ܠܡܨܥܝܬܐ؟" (ܬܡܢ). ܟܒܚܪܚ ܐܦ ܡܢܝܢܐ ܕܬܪ̈ܝܨܐ ܘܕܚܣܝ̈ܪܐ – "ܐܢ ܐܝܬ ܚܣܝ̈ܪܐ ܣܓܝ̈ܐܐ، ܣܢܝܩܐ ܝܠܗ ܠܡܫܐܠܐ ܩܐ ܡܘܕܝ" (ܬܡܢ).

ܡܘܕܝ ܟܒܚܪܐ ܡܘܕܥܢܘܬܐ ܕܩܒܠܬܐ (ܠܘܚܐ 1 ܓܘ ܡܘܕܥܢܘܬܐ): ܩܐ ܟܠ ܡܫܬܚܠܦܢܐ – ܟܡܐ ܬܪ̈ܝܨܐ، ܟܡܐ ܣܦܝ̈ܩܐ، ܟܡܐ "ܠܐ ܝܕܥܢ/ܠܐ ܨܒܐ ܠܡܦܢܝܐ"، ܟܡܐ ܛܝ̈ܡܐ ܦܪ̈ܝܫܐ؛ ܛܝ̈ܡܐ ܕܠܐ ܝܢܐ ܓܘ ܪܫܝܡܬܐ ܕܪ̈ܡܙܐ ܕܟܬܒܐ ܕܪ̈ܡܙܐ؛ ܛܝ̈ܡܐ ܠܒܪ ܡܢ ܦܬܝܘܬܐ ܕܡܫܬܚܠܦܢܐ ܡܬܡܫܚܢܐ؛ ܛܝ̈ܡܐ ܠܐ ܡܢܝܢܝ̈ܐ ܓܘ ܥܡܘܕܐ ܡܢܝܢܝܬܐ؛ ܓܢ̈ܣܐ ܕܚܕ ܠܐ ܓܒܐ ܠܗܘܢ؛ ܛܝܡܐ ܩܝܡܐ؛ ܘܡܢܝܢܐ ܡܦܪܫܢܐ ܬܢܝܢܐ – ܠܦܘܬ ܐܘܪܚܐ ܕܥܒܕܐ، "ܡܢܝܢܐ ܡܦܪܫܢܐ ܕܟܕܥܪ ܓܘ ܬܪܝܢ ܡܒܘ̈ܥܐ ܠܐ ܟܡܬܫܩܠ ܡܢ ܓܢܗ ܕܠܐ ܢܡܘܣܐ ܦܐܝܐ". ܦܐܬܐ ܟܬܢܝܐ ܘܠܐ ܟܬܪܨܐ: Pallant – ܟܦܪܫܚ ܠܦܘܬ ܡܫܬܚܠܦܢܐ، ܟܡܫܟܚܚ ܣܕܪܐ، ܟܕܥܪܚ ܠܦܢܩܝܬܐ ܕܫܘܐ̈ܠܐ ܫܪܫܝܬܐ ܘܟܬܪܨܚ، ܝܢ ܟܫܩܠܚ ܛܝܡܐ (ܗܘ ܟܗܘܐ ܚܣܝܪܐ)؛ ܟܟܬܒܚ ܓܘ ܪܫܝܡܬܐ؛ ܘܟܒܚܪܚ ܐܦ ܥܡܘ̈ܕܐ ܩܪܝ̈ܒܐ ܕܗܘ ܣܕܪܐ؛ ܘܒܬܪ ܬܘܪܨܐ ܟܪܗܛܚ ܬܘܒ، ܡܛܠ ܕ"ܒܬܘܪܨܐ ܕܛܥܝܘܬܐ ܚܕܐ ܡܨܝܐ ܝܠܗ ܠܡܒܪܝܐ ܐܚܪܬܐ" (2020، ܨܚܚܐ 5). ܛܝܡܐ ܠܒܪ ܡܢ ܦܬܝܘܬܐ ܟܦܐܫ ܓܘ ܚܘܫܒܢܐ ܕܡܚܘ̈ܝܢܐ ܗܠ ܕܬܪܨܝܬܘܢ – ܕܠܐ "ܓܐܣܐ" ܕܠܐ ܦܘܣܩܢܐ.

ܫܬܐܣܐ ܕܡܢܘ̈ܬܐ ܒܡܐܐ

ܫܘܐܠܐ ܪܫܝܐ ܕܟܠ ܠܘܚܐ ܕܒܘܨܝܐ ܕܫܘܐ̈ܠܐ: ܡܢܬܐ ܒܡܐܐ ܡܢ ܡܢܘ؟ ܠܦܘܬ ܐܘܪܚܐ ܕܥܒܕܐ، "ܟܦܪܫܚ ܩܐ ܟܠ ܠܘܚܐ ܐܢ ܡܢܘ̈ܬܐ ܒܡܐܐ ܡܢ ܡܦܢܝ̈ܢܐ ܫܘ̈ܝܐ ܝܢܐ، ܡܢ ܡܦܢܝ̈ܢܐ ܕܐܝܬ ܠܗܘܢ ܦܘܢܝܐ ܬܪܝܨܐ ܝܢ ܡܢ ܟܠ ܬܘܢ̈ܝܐ". ܬܠܬܐ ܓܘܒ̈ܝܐ ܓܘ ܦܐܬܐ:

• ܡܦܢܝ̈ܢܐ ܥܡ ܦܘܢܝܐ ܕܒܥܠ ܣܘܟܠܐ (ܓܘܒܝܐ ܡܩܕܡܐ) – ܕܠܐ ܡܢ ܕܠܐ ܦܢܐ ܘܕܠܐ "ܠܐ ܝܕܥܢ". ܐܗܐ ܝܠܗ Valid Percent ܕ-FREQUENCIES ܓܘ SPSS ܐܡܬܝ ܕܪ̈ܡܙܐ ܕ"ܠܐ ܝܕܥܢ" ܦܪ̈ܝܫܐ ܝܢܐ ܐܝܟ ܚܣܝ̈ܪܐ (ܡܦܩܢܐ ܓܘ Pallant, 2020، ܨܚܚܐ 5، ܟܡܚܘܐ Percent ܘ-Valid Percent ܚܕ ܓܢܒ ܚܕ)، ܘܡܐ ܕܦܘܩܕܢܐ ܥܬܝܩܐ TABLES ܝܗܒܠܗ ܒ-GBASE=CASES ܥܡ ܚܣܝܪܐ ܣܦܝܩܐ. "ܠܐ ܝܕܥܢ" ܘܡܢ ܕܠܐ ܦܢܠܗܘܢ ܬܢܝ̈ܐ ܝܢܐ ܓܘ ܡܥܝܪܢܘܬܐ ܕܠܘܚܐ – ܕܩܪܘܝܐ ܚܙܐ ܟܡܐ ܦܠܛ̈ܐ ܝܢܐ.
• ܟܠ ܡܢ ܕܦܢܐ – "ܠܐ ܝܕܥܢ" ܟܦܐܫ ܐܝܟ ܣܕܪܐ ܓܘ ܠܘܚܐ. ܦܐܝܐ ܝܠܗ ܐܡܬܝ ܕܡܢܬܐ ܕܝܠܗ ܓܢܒܗ ܡܫܟܚܢܘܬܐ ܝܠܗ (ܡܬܠܐ ܝܕܥܬܐ ܕܬܫܡܫܬܐ).
• ܟܠ ܡܦܢܝ̈ܢܐ – ܐܦ ܡܢ ܕܠܐ ܦܢܐ، ܐܝܟ ܣܕܪܐ ܕ"ܠܐ ܦܢܐ/ܦܢܝܐ". ܦܐܝܐ ܝܠܗ ܩܐ ܫܘܐܠܐ ܕܟܠ ܡܢܝܗܘܢ ܣܢܝܩܝ ܗܘܘ ܠܡܦܢܝܐ ܠܗ، ܐܡܬܝ ܕܠܐ ܡܦܢܝܢܘܬܐ ܡܘܕܥܢܘܬܐ ܝܠܗ.

ܫܘܐܠܐ ܕܫܐܝܠܐ ܝܠܗ ܒܣ ܡܢ ܡܢܬܐ ܕܡܦܢܝ̈ܢܐ (ܓܘ ܡܬܠܐ: ܒܣܝܡܘܬܐ ܡܢ ܡܛܝܒܘܬܐ – ܒܣ ܡܢ ܕܦܢܐ ܗܘܐ ܠܡܪܟܙܐ) ܟܫܩܠ ܫܬܐܣܐ ܙܥܘܪܐ، ܘܦܐܬܐ ܟܡܚܘܝܐ ܠܗ؛ ܓܘ ܐܗܐ ܕܪܓܐ ܫܘܝܘܬܐ ܡܦܩܬܐ ܝܠܗ ܡܢ ܣܦܝ̈ܩܐ، ܘܠܐ ܡܢ ܫܪܛܐ ܕܫܘܪܬܐ ܕܦܪܝܫܐ ܝܠܗ ܓܘ ܟܬܒܐ ܕܪ̈ܡܙܐ – ܐܗܐ ܕܪܓܐ 2 ܝܠܗ ܕܡܘܕܘܠ. ܚܘܕܪܐ. ܡܢܬܐ ܒܡܐܐ ܡܚܕܪܐ ܝܠܗ ܠܚܕ ܡܢ ܥܣܪܐ (ܝܢ ܠܡܢܝܢܐ ܫܠܡܐ) ܒܚܘܫܒܢܐ ܕܡܢܝ̈ܢܐ ܫܠܡ̈ܐ، ܦܠܓܐ ܠܥܠ – ܐܝܟ ܨܘܪܬܐ PCT5.1 ܓܘ ܦܘܩܕܢܐ TABLES – ܘܡܛܠ ܗܕܐ ܓܘܡܪܐ ܕܥܡܘܕܐ ܡܨܐ ܕܗܘܐ 99.9 ܝܢ 100.1؛ ܣܕܪܐ ܕ"ܓܘܡܪܐ" ܒܟܠ ܥܕܢܐ ܟܡܚܘܐ 100 ܘܫܬܐܣܐ، ܐܝܟ ܕܐܘܪܚܐ ܕܥܒܕܐ ܒܥܐ ("ܟܡܣܟܚ ܓܘܡܪܐ ܕܩܪܝܒ 100% ܠܦܘܬ ܫܬܐܣܐ ܕܓܒܝܐ ܝܠܗ ܘܚܘܕܪܐ").

ܫܘܝܘܬܐ ܘܫܘܪܬܐ – ܡܢܘ ܫܐܝܠܐ ܝܠܗ؟

ܓܘ ܦܢܩܝܬܐ ܕܫܘܐ̈ܠܐ ܐܝܬ ܫܘܐ̈ܠܐ ܕܒܣ ܡܢܬܐ ܡܢ ܡܦܢܝ̈ܢܐ ܫܐܝܠ̈ܐ ܝܢܐ: "ܐܢ ܦܢܝܬ/ܦܢܝܬܝ ܠܡܪܟܙܐ – ܟܡܐ ܒܣܝܡܐ/ܒܣܝܡܬܐ ܝܘܬ ܡܢ ܡܛܝܒܘܬܐ؟". ܠܦܘܬ ܐܘܪܚܐ ܕܥܒܕܐ، "ܡܢܘ ܣܢܝܩܐ ܝܠܗ ܠܡܦܢܝܐ ܥܠ ܟܠ ܫܘܐܠܐ" ܦܪܝܫܐ ܝܠܗ ܡܢ ܩܕܡ، ܘ"ܟܡܦܠܚܚ ܫܪ̈ܛܐ ܕܫܘܪܬܐ ܡܢ ܦܢܩܝܬܐ ܕܫܘܐ̈ܠܐ؛ ܟܦܪܫܚ ܒܝܢܝ ܠܐ ܫܐܝܠܐ، ܠܐ ܨܒܝܢܐ، ܠܐ ܝܕܥܢ ܘܚܣܝܪܐ ܬܟܢܝܩܝܐ". ܓܘ ܦܐܬܐ – ܚܩܠܐ "ܫܐܝܠܐ ܐܢ" (asked if) ܓܘ ܟܬܒܐ ܕܪ̈ܡܙܐ: ܡܫܬܚܠܦܢܐ = ܛܝܡܐ ܝܢ ܟܡܐ ܛܝ̈ܡܐ ܦܪ̈ܝܫܐ ܒܦܣܝܩܐ (ܡܬܠܐ ש2_דיגיטלי = 2, 3, 4). ܓܘ ܡܦܫܩܢܐ ܟܟܬܒܚ ܐܗܐ ܓܘ ܥܡܘܕܐ ܕܡܥܝܪ̈ܢܘܬܐ ܒܐܢܓܠܝܙܝܐ ("asked if q4 = 1")، ܘܦܐܬܐ ܟܩܪܝܐ ܠܗ ܡܢ ܓܢܗ.

ܡܘܕܝ ܟܥܒܕ ܫܪܛܐ: ܫܘ̈ܝܐ – ܡܢ ܕܟܦܐܝܐ ܠܫܪܛܐ – ܐܢܝ̈ ܝܢܐ ܟܢܫܐ ܟܠܢܝܐ ܕܠܘܚܐ؛ ܡܢ ܕܠܐ ܫܐܝܠܐ ܝܠܗ ܠܐ ܡܢܝܐ ܝܠܗ ܐܝܟ ܚܣܝܪܐ. ܡܢ ܓܘ ܫܘ̈ܝܐ ܡܢܝ̈ܐ ܝܢܐ ܡܢ ܕܦܢܠܗܘܢ، ܡܢ ܕܦܢܠܗܘܢ "ܠܐ ܝܕܥܢ" ܘܡܢ ܕܠܐ ܦܢܠܗܘܢ، ܘܫܬܐܣܐ ܓܒܝܐ ܝܠܗ ܐܝܟ ܥܕܢܐ. ܡܥܝܪܢܘܬܐ ܕܠܘܚܐ ܟܐܡܪܐ "ܫܐܝܠ̈ܐ ܝܢܐ ܒܣ ܡܢ ܕ… – N ܫܘ̈ܝܐ". ܘܡܢ ܕܦܢܐ ܐܦ ܕܠܐ ܣܢܝܩܐ ܗܘܐ ܕܫܐܝܠܐ ܗܘܐ؟ ܡܘܕܥܢܘܬܐ ܕܩܒܠܬܐ ܟܡܢܝܐ ܠܗܘܢ ("ܦܢܠܗܘܢ ܐܦ ܕܠܐ ܫܐܝܠ̈ܐ ܗܘܘ") – ܒܪܘܒܐ ܣܘܩܒܠܐ ܒܝܢܝ ܦܘܢܝܐ ܘܫܘܐܠܐ ܕܡܨܠܠܢܘܬܐ، ܝܢ ܛܝܡܐ ܚܣܝܪܐ ܓܘ ܫܘܐܠܐ ܕܡܨܠܠܢܘܬܐ – ܘܦܘܢ̈ܝܐ ܕܝܗܘܢ ܠܒܪ ܡܢ ܫܬܐܣܐ ܝܢܐ ܗܠ ܕܬܪܨܝܬܘܢ. ܕܠܐ ܫܪܛܐ، ܫܘܐܠܐ ܐܝܟ ܗܢܐ ܟܫܩܠ ܣܓܝ "ܣܦܝ̈ܩܐ" ܘܫܬܐܣܐ ܙܥܘܪܐ ܝܠܗ ܕܠܐ ܦܘܫܩܐ – ܬܪܝܢ ܡܕܡ̈ܐ ܕܡܥܝܪܢܘܬܐ ܕܠܘܚܐ ܟܡܟܠܝܐ.

ܦܘܢ̈ܝܐ ܣܓܝ̈ܐܐ

"ܒܐܝܢܝ̈ ܬܫܡܫ̈ܬܐ ܡܦܠܚܠܘܟ/ܡܦܠܚܠܘܟܝ؟" – ܡܦܢܝܢܐ ܟܪܫܡ ܟܡܐ ܓܘܒ̈ܝܐ. ܓܘ ܦܐܝܠ ܐܗܐ ܝܠܗ ܥܡܘܕܐ ܩܐ ܟܠ ܓܘܒܝܐ، 0 = ܠܐ ܪܫܝܡܐ، 1 = ܪܫܝܡܐ (Q4m1 … Q4m4 ܓܘ ܣܩܪܝ̈ܦܬܐ؛ "ܓܘܕܐ ܕܬܪܝܢ ܛܝ̈ܡܐ" ܓܘ SPSS). ܓܘ ܟܬܒܐ ܕܪ̈ܡܙܐ: ܙܢܐ "ܦܘܢ̈ܝܐ ܣܓܝ̈ܐܐ (ܦܣܘܩܐ)" ܘܫܡܐ ܕܓܘܕܐ ܡܫܘܬܦܐ ܩܐ ܟܠ ܦܣܘ̈ܩܐ ܕܗܘ ܫܘܐܠܐ (ܓܘ ܡܦܫܩܢܐ: "set q7")؛ ܦܐܬܐ ܡܢ ܓܢܗ ܟܦܪܫܐ ܐܦ ܥܡܘ̈ܕܐ ܕ-0/1 ܥܡ ܫܘܪܝܐ ܕܫܡܐ ܡܫܘܬܦܐ (ש7_1، ש7_2…). ܪܡܙܐ ܕܚܫܝܒܐ ܝܠܗ "ܓܒܝܐ" ܗܘ ܪܡܙܐ ܝܠܗ ܕܪܘܫܡܗ "ܪܫܝܡܐ"/"ܐܝܢ"/selected ܝܠܗ، ܘܐܢ ܠܝܬ ܡܦܫܩܢܐ – 1.

ܠܘܚܐ: ܣܕܪܐ ܩܐ ܟܠ ܓܘܒܝܐ، n = ܟܡܐ ܪܫܡܠܗܘܢ ܠܗ، % ܡܢ ܡܦܢܝ̈ܢܐ = ܡܢ ܡܢ ܕܦܢܐ ܥܠ ܫܘܐܠܐ (ܪܫܡܠܗ ܠܦܚܘܬ ܓܘܒܝܐ ܚܕ، ܝܢ 0 ܓܠܝܐܝܬ) – ܘܓܘܡܪܐ ܟܣܠܩ ܠܥܠ ܡܢ 100، ܡܛܠ ܕܟܠ ܡܦܢܝܢܐ ܡܢܝܐ ܝܠܗ ܓܘ ܟܠ ܓܘܒܝܐ ܕܪܫܡܠܗ؛ ܐܗܐ ܝܠܗ ܡܢܬܐ ܒܡܐܐ ܕܟܬܢܚ ("Percent of cases" ܓܘ MULT RESPONSE، rpct ܓܘ ܣܩܪܝ̈ܦܬܐ). % ܡܢ ܬܘܢ̈ܝܐ = ܡܢ ܟܠ ܪ̈ܘܫܡܐ، ܓܘܡܪܗ 100 ܝܠܗ – ܟܡܬܚܘܐ ܚܘܠܛܐ ܕܬܘܢ̈ܝܐ، ܠܐ ܟܡܐ ܢܫ̈ܐ. ܣܕܪܐ ܕ"ܓܘܡܪܐ ܕܬܘܢ̈ܝܐ" ܟܝܗܒ ܬܪܘܝܗܘܢ ܡܢܝ̈ܢܐ ܘܡܨܥܝܬܐ ܩܐ ܡܦܢܝܢܐ. ܐܘܪܚܐ ܕܥܒܕܐ: "ܓܘ ܡܢܘ̈ܬܐ ܒܡܐܐ ܡܢ ܡܦܢܝ̈ܢܐ ܓܘ ܫܘܐܠܐ ܕܦܘܢ̈ܝܐ ܣܓܝ̈ܐܐ ܓܘܡܪܐ ܡܨܐ ܕܣܠܩ ܠܥܠ ܡܢ 100%"، ܘ"ܟܡܚܘܚ ܡܢܝܢܐ ܫܪܝܪܐ ܕܡܦܢܝ̈ܢܐ ܕܠܐ ܡܬܩܠܐ". ܫܬܐܣܐ ܕ"ܟܠ ܡܦܢܝ̈ܢܐ" ܟܓܒܐ ܟܠ ܫܘ̈ܝܐ، ܐܦ ܡܢ ܕܠܐ ܪܫܡܠܗ ܡܕܡ.

ܣܕܪ̈ܐ ܕܫܘܐ̈ܠܐ (batteries)

ܟܡܐ ܦܣܘ̈ܩܐ ܥܠ ܗܝ ܣܒܠܬܐ ("ܟܡܐ ܡܫܠܡ/ܡܫܠܡܬܐ ܝܘܬ: …"، 1-5) ܬܢܝ̈ܐ ܝܢܐ ܚܕ ܓܗܐ: ܠܘܚܐ ܚܕ – ܣܕܪܐ ܩܐ ܟܠ ܦܣܘܩܐ، ܥܡܘܕܐ ܩܐ ܟܠ ܓܢܣܐ (ܡܢܘ̈ܬܐ ܒܡܐܐ ܓܘ ܣܕܪܐ)، ܘܒܬܪ ܗܕܐ N ܕܦܣܘܩܐ ܘ-M، ܡܨܥܝܬܐ ܕܪ̈ܡܙܐ. ܗܕܟܐ ܟܩܪܝܚ ܣܕܪܐ ܕܫܘܐ̈ܠܐ ܒܚܕ ܚܙܝܐ ܘܟܦܚܡܚ ܦܣܘ̈ܩܐ. ܓܘ ܟܬܒܐ ܕܪ̈ܡܙܐ: ܫܡܐ ܕܣܕܪܐ ܕܫܘܐ̈ܠܐ ܡܫܘܬܦܐ (ܓܘ ܡܦܫܩܢܐ: "battery q8")؛ ܦܐܬܐ ܡܢ ܓܢܗ ܟܦܪܫܐ ܦܣܘ̈ܩܐ ܕܛܟܣܐ ܥܡ ܗܝ ܪܫܝܡܬܐ ܕܪ̈ܡܙܐ ܘܫܘܪܝܐ ܕܫܡܐ ܡܫܘܬܦܐ. ܫܬܐܣܐ ܩܐ ܟܠ ܦܣܘܩܐ ܒܦܪܝܫܘܬܐ – ܡܦܢܝ̈ܢܐ ܕܦܣܘܩܐ ܥܡ ܦܘܢܝܐ ܕܒܥܠ ܣܘܟܠܐ (ܕܠܐ "ܠܐ ܝܕܥܢ" ܘܕܠܐ ܣܦܝ̈ܩܐ؛ ܠܦܘܬ ܐܘܪܚܐ ܕܥܒܕܐ، "ܫܬܐܣܐ ܦܐܝܐ ܩܐ ܟܠ ܦܣܘܩܐ")، ܘܫܪܛܐ ܕܫܘܝܘܬܐ، ܐܢ ܐܝܬ، ܥܠ ܟܠ ܦܣܘܩܐ ܝܠܗ.

ܡܨܥܝܬܐ ܡܚܘܝܬܐ ܝܠܗ ܒܣ ܐܝܟ ܡܚܘܝܢܐ ܕܟܢܘܫܝܐ، ܠܦܘܬ ܥܝܕܐ ܕܣܐܝܛ ܩܐ ܦܣܘܩܐ ܕ-Likert ܝܚܝܕܝܐ: ܣܒܠܬܐ ܕܛܟܣܐ، ܘܡܨܥܝܬܐ ܕܝܠܗ ܩܘܛܥܐ ܡܩܒܠܐ ܝܠܗ ܘܠܐ ܡܫܘܚܬܐ ܕܪܘ̈ܚܩܐ ܫܘ̈ܝܐ (ܚܙܝܡܘܢ ܡܫܬܚܠܦ̈ܢܐ، ܕܪ̈ܓܐ ܕܡܫܘܚܬܐ ܘܬܘܩ̈ܢܐ ܕܒܘܨܝܐ). ܡܢܝܢܐ ܕܣܒܠܬܐ (scale score) ܡܢ ܟܡܐ ܦܣܘ̈ܩܐ – ܓܘ ܐܠܦܐ ܕ-Cronbach ܘܡܢܝܢܐ ܕܣܒܠܬܐ؛ ܐܢ ܟܒܥܝܬܘܢ ܠܡܝܕܥܐ ܐܢ ܦܣܘ̈ܩܐ ܟܡܫܚܝ ܡܕܡ ܚܕ – ܬܡܢ.

ܚܘܝܕܐ ܕܦܐܝ̈ܠܐ – ܓܠܠܐ ܬܪܝܢܐ، ܡܒܘܥܐ ܐܚܪܢܐ

ܒܘܨܝܐ ܕܫܘܐ̈ܠܐ ܕܟܢܝܫܐ ܝܠܗ ܓܘ ܟܡܐ ܦܐܝ̈ܠܐ (ܓܠܠܐ ܕܬܠܦܘܢ ܘܓܠܠܐ ܕܐܢܛܪܢܛ، ܬܪܝܢ ܡܛܝܒ̈ܢܐ، ܬܪܝܢ ܙܒ̈ܢܐ) ܡܚܝܕܐ ܝܠܗ ܒܣܕ̈ܪܐ: ܗܢܝ̈ ܫܘܐ̈ܠܐ، ܡܦܢܝ̈ܢܐ ܐܚܪ̈ܢܐ – ܐܝܟ ADD FILES ܓܘ ܣܩܪܝ̈ܦܬܐ (ܬܡܢ ܬܠܬܐ ܦܐܝ̈ܠܐ SAV ܥܡ ܡܫܬܚܠܦܢܐ ܕܡܒܘܥܐ seker). ܐܗܐ ܦܪܝܫܐ ܝܠܗ ܡܢ ܚܘܝܕܐ ܕܡܘܕܥܢܘܬܐ ܕܗܘ ܡܦܢܝܢܐ ܒܝܢܝ ܦܐܝ̈ܠܐ ܠܦܘܬ ܡܢܝܢܐ ܡܦܪܫܢܐ (MATCH FILES)، ܕܦܐܬܐ ܠܐ ܟܥܒܕܐ. ܓܘ ܦܐܬܐ: ܟܛܥܢܚ ܦܐܝܠ ܩܕܡܝܐ، ܘܒܬܪ ܗܕܐ "ܡܘܣܦܬܐ ܕܦܐܝܠ ܕܦܘܢ̈ܝܐ ܩܐ ܚܘܝܕܐ" – ܟܡܐ ܓܗ̈ܐ ܕܣܢܝܩܐ ܝܠܗ. ܥܡܘ̈ܕܐ ܦܐܝ̈ܐ ܝܢܐ ܠܦܘܬ ܫܡܐ، ܠܐ ܠܦܘܬ ܕܘܟܬܐ: ܥܡܘܕܐ ܕܚܣܝܪܐ ܝܠܗ ܓܘ ܦܐܝܠ ܚܕ ܟܦܐܫ ܣܦܝܩܐ ܩܐ ܡܦܢܝ̈ܢܐ ܕܝܠܗ، ܘܥܡܘܕܐ ܕܐܝܬ ܒܣ ܓܘ ܦܐܝܠ ܬܪܝܢܐ ܟܡܬܚܘܝܕ ܒܚܪܬܐ؛ ܟܡܬܘܣܦ ܥܡܘܕܐ ܕ"ܡܒܘܥܐ" (1، 2، …) ܥܡ ܫܡܗ̈ܐ ܕܦܐܝ̈ܠܐ ܐܝܟ ܪܘ̈ܫܡܐ – ܗܝ ܥܒܝܕܬܐ ܝܠܗ ܠܠܘܚܐ ܐܝܟ ܡܫܬܚܠܦܢܐ ܕܬܚܘܝܬܐ، ܗܕܟܐ ܕܡܢܝܢܐ ܕܣܕ̈ܪܐ ܩܐ ܟܠ ܡܒܘܥܐ ܓܘ ܡܘܕܥܢܘܬܐ ܝܠܗ. ܡܦܫܩܢܐ ܫܩܝܠܐ ܝܠܗ ܡܢ ܦܐܝܠ ܩܕܡܝܐ ܕܐܝܬ ܓܘܗ ܡܦܫܩܢܐ.

ܠܦܘܬ ܐܘܪܚܐ ܕܥܒܕܐ، ܒܘܚܪ̈ܢܐ ܕܚܘܝܕܐ ܐܢܝ̈ ܝܢܐ "ܦܐܝܘܬܐ ܕܫܡܗ̈ܐ ܕܡܫܬܚܠܦ̈ܢܐ، ܙܢ̈ܐ ܕܝܗܝ̈ܒܬܐ ܘܪ̈ܡܙܐ ܕܦܘܢ̈ܝܐ ܒܝܢܝ ܡܒܘ̈ܥܐ؛ ܡܢܝܢܐ ܕܣܕ̈ܪܐ ܓܘ ܟܠ ܡܒܘܥܐ ܘܓܘ ܦܐܝܠ ܡܚܝܕܐ؛ ܬܢܝܢܘܬܐ ܠܦܘܬ ܡܢܝܢܐ ܡܦܪܫܢܐ". ܡܘܕܥܢܘܬܐ ܕܚܘܝܕܐ (ܬܚܝܬ button) ܟܡܢܝܐ ܣܕ̈ܪܐ ܩܐ ܟܠ ܦܐܝܠ، ܥܡܘ̈ܕܐ ܚܣܝ̈ܪܐ ܘܝܬܝܪ̈ܐ، ܘܠܐ ܦܐܝܘܬܐ ܕܙܢܐ – ܡ̈ܠܐ ܓܘ ܦܐܝܠ ܚܕ ܘܡܢܝ̈ܢܐ ܓܘ ܐܚܪܢܐ (ܪܘܫܡܐ ܕܪܡܙܢܘܬܐ ܦܪܝܫܬܐ: "ܓܒܪܐ/ܐܢܬܬܐ" ܩܘܒܠ 1/2). ܪ̈ܡܙܐ ܦܪ̈ܝܫܐ ܩܐ ܗܘ ܫܘܐܠܐ (1-5 ܓܘ ܦܐܝܠ ܚܕ، 5-1 ܓܘ ܬܪܝܢܐ) ܦܐܬܐ ܠܐ ܡܨܝܐ ܕܦܪܫܐ ܠܗܘܢ – ܐܗܐ ܒܘܚܪܢܐ ܝܠܗ ܕܟܥܒܕܚ ܩܘܒܠ ܬܪܘܝܗܝ ܦܢܩܝ̈ܬܐ ܕܫܘܐ̈ܠܐ، ܘܡܨܝܐ ܝܠܗ ܠܬܘܪܨܐ ܒܪܡܙܢܘܬܐ ܡܢ ܪܝܫ ܠܦܘܬ ܡܒܘܥܐ. ܡܢܝܢܐ ܡܦܪܫܢܐ ܕܟܕܥܪ ܓܘ ܬܪܝܢ ܦܐܝ̈ܠܐ ܟܡܬܚܙܐ ܓܘ "ܡܢܝܢܐ ܡܦܪܫܢܐ ܬܢܝܢܐ" ܓܘ ܡܘܕܥܢܘܬܐ ܕܩܒܠܬܐ ܘܠܐ ܟܡܬܫܩܠ: "ܡܢܝܢܐ ܡܦܪܫܢܐ ܕܟܕܥܪ ܓܘ ܬܪܝܢ ܡܒܘ̈ܥܐ ܠܐ ܟܡܬܫܩܠ ܡܢ ܓܢܗ ܕܠܐ ܢܡܘܣܐ ܦܐܝܐ". "ܒܛܠܬܐ ܕܚܘܝܕܐ" ܟܡܕܥܪܐ ܦܐܝܠ ܩܕܡܝܐ؛ ܦܐܝ̈ܠܐ ܕܡܒܘܥܐ ܓܢܒܝܗܝ ܠܐ ܟܫܚܠܦܝ.

ܡܨܠܠܢܘܬܐ ܕܣܕ̈ܪܐ ܘܪܡܙܢܘܬܐ ܡܢ ܪܝܫ – ܪܫܝܡܬܐ ܕܡܛܝܒܘܬܐ

ܡܨܠܠܢܘܬܐ ܢܡܘܣܐ ܝܠܗ ܕܫܘܝܘܬܐ ܩܐ ܒܘܨܝܐ: ܡܢ ܕܠܐ ܟܦܐܝܐ ܠܗ ܠܐ ܝܠܗ ܡܢܬܐ ܕܕܘܡܝܐ ܬܢܝܐ (ܓܘ ܡܬܠܐ ܕܣܩܪܝ̈ܦܬܐ – SELECT IF(edu >= 1)). ܟܟܬܒܚ ܢܡܘܣܐ ܓܘ ܟܠ ܣܕܪܐ: גיל >= 18، אזור = 1, 2, 3، מצב <> 9، גיל 18-85. ܛܝܡܐ ܣܦܝܩܐ (ܝܢ ܠܐ ܡܢܝܢܝܐ) ܓܘ ܫܘܐܠܐ ܕܡܨܠܠܢܘܬܐ ܠܐ ܟܦܐܝܐ ܠܢܡܘܣܐ – ܣܕܪܐ ܟܦܐܩ، ܐܝܟ ܓܘ SPSS، ܕܓܘܗ ܚܣܝܪܐ ܓܘ SELECT IF ܠܐ ܓܒܝܐ ܝܠܗ؛ ܡܛܠ ܗܕܐ ܩܕܡ ܟܒܚܪܚ ܟܡܐ ܚܣܝ̈ܪܐ ܐܝܬ ܓܘ ܡܫܬܚܠܦܢܐ ܕܡܨܠܠܢܘܬܐ. ܟܠ ܢܡܘܣܐ ܟܬܝܒܐ ܝܠܗ ܓܘ ܪܫܝܡܬܐ ܥܡ ܡܢܝܢܐ ܕܣܕ̈ܪܐ ܕܡܦܠܛܠܗ ܘܡܢܝܢܐ ܕܦܝܫ̈ܐ، ܐܝܟ ܕܐܘܪܚܐ ܒܥܐ: "ܟܡܦܠܚܚ ܢܡܘ̈ܣܐ ܕܫܘܝܘܬܐ ܘܡܨܠܠܢܘܬܐ، ܘܟܟܬܒܚ ܟܡܐ ܣܕ̈ܪܐ ܦܠܛ̈ܐ ܝܢܐ ܘܩܐ ܡܘܕܝ". ܡܨܠܠܢܘܬܐ ܥܠ ܠܘ̈ܚܐ ܝܠܗ، ܥܠ ܦܣܩܐ ܕܕܘܡܝܐ ܘܥܠ N ܓܘ ܪܝܫܐ ܕܡܘܕܥܢܘܬܐ ("ܛܥ̈ܝܢܐ 240؛ 1 ܦܠܛ̈ܐ ܒܡܨܠܠܢܘܬܐ") – ܠܐ ܥܠ ܡܘܕܥܢܘܬܐ ܕܩܒܠܬܐ، ܕܟܡܬܚܘܝܐ ܦܐܝܠ ܐܝܟ ܕܛܥܝܢܐ ܝܠܗ.

ܪܡܙܢܘܬܐ ܡܢ ܪܝܫ ܟܒܪܝܐ ܡܫܬܚܠܦܢܐ ܚܕܬܐ ܘܟܡܦܫܐ ܫܪܫܝܐ ("ܟܒܪܚ ܡܫܬܚܠܦ̈ܢܐ ܡܦܩ̈ܐ ܥܡ ܢܛܘܪܘܬܐ ܕܡܫܬܚܠܦ̈ܢܐ ܫܪܫܝ̈ܐ"؛ Pallant, 2020، ܨܚܚܐ 8: ܟܓܒܚ ܚܬܝܬܐܝܬ Recode into Different Variables ܕܡܫܬܚܠܦܢܐ ܫܪܫܝܐ ܦܐܫ ܩܐ ܦܘܫܩ̈ܐ ܐܚܪ̈ܢܐ، ܘܒܬܪ ܪܡܙܢܘܬܐ ܟܪܗܛܚ Frequencies ܐܦ ܥܠ ܥܬܝܩܐ ܘܐܦ ܥܠ ܚܕܬܐ ܘܟܒܚܪܚ ܕܡܢܝ̈ܢܐ ܦܐܝ̈ܐ ܝܢܐ – ܚܬܝܬܐܝܬ ܡܐ ܕܡܘܕܥܢܘܬܐ ܟܡܚܘܝܐ ܚܕ ܓܢܒ ܚܕ): ܓܘ̈ܕܐ ܕܡܫܬܚܠܦܢܐ ܡܬܡܫܚܢܐ – גיל_קבוצות "קבוצת גיל" = גיל: 18-29 = 1 "18-29"; 30-44 = 2 "30-44"; 45-64 = 3 "45-64"; 65-85 = 4 "65 ומעלה"؛ ܚܘܝܕܐ ܕܓܢ̈ܣܐ – השכלה_2 = השכלה: 1, 2 = 1 "לא אקדמית"; 3, 4 = 2 "אקדמית". ܫܡܐ ܚܕܬܐ ܩܕܡ ܪܘܫܡܐ "="، ܪܘܫܡܐ (ܒܨܒܝܢܐ) ܓܘ ܢܝ̈ܫܐ ܕܡܬܠܐ، ܒܬܪ ܬܪܝܢ ܢܘܩ̈ܙܐ ܢܡܘ̈ܣܐ ܕܡܦܝܢܘܬܐ ܦܪ̈ܝܫܐ ܒܢܘܩܙܐ-ܦܣܝܩܐ، ܘ"else = 9" (ܒܨܒܝܢܐ) ܩܐ ܟܠ ܡܐ ܕܠܐ ܡܦܝܐ ܝܠܗ. ܛܝܡܐ ܕܠܐ ܡܦܝܐ ܝܠܗ ܘܠܝܬ "else" – ܣܦܝܩܐ، ܘܡܢܝܐ ܝܠܗ ܓܘ ܪܫܝܡܬܐ ("ܠܐ ܡܦܝ̈ܐ 1")؛ ܗܕܟܐ ܛܥܝܘܬܐ ܓܘ ܦܬܝܘ̈ܬܐ (ܥܘܡܪܐ 7 ܕܠܐ ܝܠܗ ܓܘ ܚܕ ܓܘܕܐ) ܠܐ ܟܡܬܒܠܥܐ. ܡܫܬܚܠܦܢܐ ܚܕܬܐ ܟܡܬܚܘܝܕ ܥܡ ܟܬܒܐ ܕܪ̈ܡܙܐ (ܙܢܐ ܕܛܟܣܐ ܐܡܬܝ ܕܡܦܝܢܘܬܐ ܓܘ ܦܬܝܘ̈ܬܐ ܝܠܗ ܝܢ ܐܡܬܝ ܕܫܪܫܝܐ ܕܛܟܣܐ ܝܠܗ؛ ܡܨܝܐ ܝܠܗ ܠܡܫܚܠܦܐ)، ܥܡ ܡܘܕܥܢܘܬܐ ܕܩܒܠܬܐ، ܥܡ ܡܘܕܥܢܘܬܐ ܕܠܘ̈ܚܐ – ܓܢܒ ܫܪܫܝܐ، ܕܚܙܚ ܦܘܠܓܐ ܩܕܡ ܘܒܬܪ – ܘܥܡ ܦܐܝܠ ܕܟܡܚܬܚ (ܥܡܘܕܐ ܓܘ ܓܠܝܘܢܐ ܕܝܗܝ̈ܒܬܐ ("נתונים")، ܡܥܝܪܢܘܬܐ "ܡܦܩܐ ܡܢ" ܓܘ ܡܦܫܩܢܐ، ܘܓܠܝܘܢܐ ܕܡܛܝܒܘܬܐ ("הכנה") ܥܡ ܪܫܝܡܬܐ). ܛܟܣܐ ܩܝܡܐ ܝܠܗ: ܩܕܡ ܪܡܙܢܘܬܐ ܥܠ ܟܠ ܣܕ̈ܪܐ، ܒܬܪ ܗܕܐ ܡܨܠܠܢܘܬܐ – ܐܝܟ RECODE ܘܒܬܪ SELECT IF؛ ܡܛܠ ܗܕܐ ܢܡܘܣܐ ܕܡܨܠܠܢܘܬܐ ܡܨܐ ܕܡܦܠܚ ܐܦ ܒܡܫܬܚܠܦܢܐ ܡܦܩܐ. ܡܐ ܕܠܝܬ ܠܟܐ: ܫܪ̈ܛܐ ܡܪܟ̈ܒܐ (ܬܪܝܢ ܡܫܬܚܠܦ̈ܢܐ ܓܘ ܢܡܘܣܐ ܚܕ)، ܚܘܫܒ̈ܢܐ (ܓܘܡܪܐ ܕܦܣܘ̈ܩܐ – ܓܘ ܐܠܦܐ ܕ-Cronbach ܘܡܢܝܢܐ ܕܣܒܠܬܐ)، ܘܪܡܙܢܘܬܐ ܕܦܘܢ̈ܝܐ ܦܬܝ̈ܚܐ (ܪܡܙܢܘܬܐ ܕܦܘܢ̈ܝܐ ܘܒܢܝܢܐ ܕܡܫܬܚܠܦ̈ܢܐ).

ܡܬܩܠܢܘܬܐ – ܐܝܡܢ، ܕܟܝ، ܘܡܘܕܝ ܟܒܚܪܚ

ܕܘܡܝܐ ܕܚܘܠܛܗ ܦܪܝܫܐ ܝܠܗ ܡܢ ܟܢܫܐ ܟܠܢܝܐ (ܝܬܝܪ ܢܫ̈ܐ، ܒܨܝܪ ܥܠܝ̈ܡܐ، ܐܬܪܐ ܚܕ ܝܬܝܪ ܡܚܘܝܐ) ܡܬܩܠܐ ܝܠܗ ܗܕܟܐ ܕܟܠ ܓܘܕܐ ܫܩܠܐ ܡܢܬܐ ܕܝܠܗ ܓܘ ܟܢܫܐ ܟܠܢܝܐ. ܓܘ ܣܩܪܝ̈ܦܬܐ ܕܡܕܪܫܬܐ ܡܬܩܠܢܘܬܐ ܓܘ ܐܘܪܚܐ ܕܩܠ̈ܝܬܐ ܝܠܗ: ܩܐ ܟܠ ܩܠܝܬܐ (ܓܢܣܐ × ܥܘܡܪܐ، ܕܚܠܬ ܐܠܗܐ/ܫܪܫܐ، ܐܬܪܐ) ܡܬܩܠܐ = ܡܢܬܐ ܒܡܐܐ ܕܢܝܫܐ / ܡܢܬܐ ܒܡܐܐ ܕܕܘܡܝܐ، ܘܡܬܩܠܐ ܐܚܪܝܐ product ܝܠܗ ܕܡܢܘ̈ܬܐ (ww = w · w_d · w_az، ܘܒܬܪ ܗܕܐ WEIGHT BY ww). ܦܐܬܐ ܚܬܝܬܐܝܬ ܐܗܐ ܟܥܒܕܐ: ܟܟܬܒܚ ܡܢܬܐ ܓܘ ܟܠ ܣܕܪܐ – מין * גיל_קבוצות: 1,1 = 10; 1,2 = 12; … ܝܢ אזור: 1 = 35; 2 = 25; … – ܥܡ ܢܝܫܐ ܩܐ ܟܠ ܩܠܝܬܐ (ܡܢܬܐ ܒܡܐܐ ܝܢ ܡܢܝܢܐ؛ ܦܐܬܐ ܟܡܬܩܢܐ ܡܢ ܓܘܡܪܐ). ܠܦܘܬ ܐܘܪܚܐ ܕܥܒܕܐ: "ܩܐ ܒܘܨܝܐ ܚܕܬܐ ܟܟܬܒܚ ܦܘܠ̈ܓܐ ܕܢܝܫܐ، ܡܒܘܥܐ ܕܝܗܘܢ ܘܝܘܡܐ ܕܡܦܠܚܢܘܬܐ ܕܝܗܘܢ" – ܡܒܘܥܐ ܘܝܘܡܐ ܟܟܬܒܚ ܓܘ ܡܘܕܥܢܘܬܐ؛ ܡܢܝ̈ܢܐ ܓܘ ܡܬܠܐ ܒܣ ܩܐ ܦܐܝܠ ܕܡܬܠܐ ܝܢܐ.

ܡܘܕܝ ܟܗܘܐ ܠܣܕܪܐ ܕܠܐ ܩܠܝܬܐ – ܛܝܡܐ ܣܦܝܩܐ ܓܘ ܡܫܬܚܠܦܢܐ ܕܡܬܩܠܢܘܬܐ، ܝܢ ܪܡܙܐ ܕܠܐ ܝܠܗ ܓܘ ܢܝܫܐ (ܡܬܠܐ ܪܡܙܐ ܕܓܢܣܐ 3): ܡܢܬܐ ܕܝܠܗ 1 ܝܠܗ، ܐܝܟ "comp w = 1" ܓܘ ܣܩܪܝܦܬ، ܘܗܘ ܡܢܝܐ ܝܠܗ ܓܘ ܠܘܚܐ ܕܡܬܩܠܢܘܬܐ ("ܠܐ ܡܣܝ̈ܡܐ ܝܢܐ ܠܩܠ̈ܝܬܐ"). ܐܘܪܚܐ ܓܠܝܐܝܬ ܟܡܙܗܪ: "ܡܢܘ̈ܬܐ ܕܡܬܩܠܐ ܟܫܪܝ ܒ-1، ܘܡܛܠ ܗܕܐ ܣܢܝܩܐ ܝܠܗ ܠܡܒܚܪܐ ܓܠܝܐܝܬ ܣܕ̈ܪܐ ܕܠܐ ܫܩܝܠܠܗܘܢ ܦܐܝܘܬܐ". ܩܠܝܬܐ ܕܢܝܫܐ ܕܠܐ ܡܦܢܝ̈ܢܐ – ܙܘܗܪܐ: ܐܗܐ ܡܢܬܐ ܕܢܝܫܐ ܠܐ ܝܠܗ ܡܚܘܝܐ؛ ܟܡܚܝܕܚ ܩܠ̈ܝܬܐ ܝܢ ܟܟܬܒܚ.

ܡܘܕܝ ܟܒܚܪܚ – ܠܘܚܐ ܕܡܬܩܠܢܘܬܐ (ܢܝܫܐ، n، ܕܘܡܝܐ، ܡܬܩܠܐ ܩܐ ܟܠ ܩܠܝܬܐ)، ܦܬܝܘܬܐ ܕܡܬܩ̈ܠܐ ܘܡܨܥܝܬܐ ܕܝܗܘܢ، ܓܘܡܪܐ ܕܡܬܩ̈ܠܐ (ܫܬܐܣܐ ܡܬܩܠܐ)، ܘdesign effect ܕܡܬܩ̈ܠܐ، deff = 1 + CV² = n·Σw² / (Σw)² – ܟܡܐ ܚܬܝܬܘܬܐ (precision) ܚܣܝܪܬܐ ܝܠܗ ܡܢ ܠܐ ܫܘܝܘܬܐ ܕܡܬܩ̈ܠܐ (deff 1.5 ܟܡܚܘܐ ܚܬܝܬܘܬܐ ܐܝܟ ܕܕܘܡܝܐ ܙܥܘܪܐ ܒ-⅓). ܘܒܘܚܪܢܐ ܕܩܕܡ/ܒܬܪ: ܩܐ ܟܠ ܡܫܬܚܠܦܢܐ ܕܡܬܩܠܢܘܬܐ – ܡܢܬܐ ܒܡܐܐ ܕܠܐ ܡܬܩܠܬܐ، ܡܬܩܠܬܐ ܘܢܝܫܐ. ܓܘ ܡܢܬܐ ܕܨܠܝܒܘܬܐ ܣܦܪ̈ܐ ܟܡܬܚܙܝ ܚܬܝܬܐܝܬ؛ ܓܘ ܬܪܝܢ ܡܢܘ̈ܬܐ ܦܪ̈ܝܫܐ – ܒܩܘܪܒܐ، ܡܛܠ ܕ"product ܕܬܠܬܐ ܡܢܘ̈ܬܐ ܠܐ ܟܡܫܪܪ ܕܟܠ ܦܘܠ̈ܓܐ ܕܢܝܫܐ ܒܕ ܡܬܚܙܝ ܒܚܕ ܙܒܢܐ؛ ܟܒܚܪܚ ܐܗܐ ܒܥܒܕܐ". ܩܛܘܥܐ ܕܡܬܩ̈ܠܐ ܠܦܬܝܘܬܐ (ܡܬܠܐ 0.3-3) ܘܬܩܢܐ ܠܡܨܥܝܬܐ 1 ܓܘܒ̈ܝܐ ܝܢܐ ܕܥܦܝ̈ܐ ܐܝܟ ܓܘܒܝܐ ܡܩܕܡܐ: "ܥܒܪܬܐ ܠܐܘܪܚܐ ܐܚܪܬܐ ܕܡܬܩܠܢܘܬܐ، ܬܩܢܐ ܝܢ ܩܛܘܥܐ ܕܡܬܩ̈ܠܐ ܟܒܥܐ ܓܘܒܝܐ ܕܐܘܪܚܐ ܘܟܬܝܒܘܬܐ" – ܐܡܬܝ ܕܟܡܦܠܚܚ، ܐܗܐ ܟܬܝܒܐ ܝܠܗ ܓܘ ܠܘܚܐ ܕܡܬܩܠܢܘܬܐ، ܓܘ ܦܣܩܐ ܕܕܘܡܝܐ ܘܓܘ ܓܠܝܘܢܐ ܕܡܛܝܒܘܬܐ ("הכנה").

ܕܟܝ ܟܩܪܝܚ ܡܘܕܥܢܘܬܐ ܡܬܩܠܬܐ – ܓܘ ܟܠ ܠܘܚܐ n ܡܢܝܢܐ ܫܪܝܪܐ ܝܠܗ ܕܡܦܢܝ̈ܢܐ، ܘܡܢܘ̈ܬܐ ܒܡܐܐ (ܘܓܘ ܠܘܚܐ ܕܡܚܘ̈ܝܢܐ – ܡܨܥܝܬܐ، SD ܘܛܝܡܐ ܡܨܥܝܐ) ܡܬܩ̈ܠܐ ܝܢܐ؛ ܓܘ ܡܥܝܪܢܘܬܐ ܕܟܠ ܠܘܚܐ – ܫܬܐܣܐ ܡܬܩܠܐ (ܓܘܡܪܐ ܕܡܬܩ̈ܠܐ). "ܟܡܚܘܚ ܡܢܝܢܐ ܫܪܝܪܐ ܕܡܦܢܝ̈ܢܐ ܕܠܐ ܡܬܩܠܐ، ܘܓܘ ܡܘܕܥܢܘܬܐ ܡܬܩܠܬܐ ܟܡܚܘܚ ܐܦ ܫܬܐܣܐ ܕܚܘܫܒܢܐ ܡܬܩܠܐ؛ ܠܐ ܐܣܝܪܐ ܝܠܗ ܠܡܩܪܝܐ ܠܓܘܡܪܐ ܕܡܬܩ̈ܠܐ ܡܢܝܢܐ ܫܪܝܪܐ ܕܡܦܢܝ̈ܢܐ" (ܐܘܪܚܐ ܕܥܒܕܐ، ܕܪܓܐ 6). ܛܟܣܐ: ܚܘܝܕܐ → ܪܡܙܢܘܬܐ ܡܢ ܪܝܫ → ܡܨܠܠܢܘܬܐ → ܡܬܩܠܢܘܬܐ (ܡܬܩ̈ܠܐ ܚܫܝܒ̈ܐ ܝܢܐ ܥܠ ܣܕ̈ܪܐ ܕܦܝܫܝ ܒܬܪ ܡܨܠܠܢܘܬܐ – ܐܝܟ ܓܘ ܣܩܪܝܦܬ، ܕܓܘܗ SELECT IF ܩܕܡ ܡܬܩܠܢܘܬܐ ܝܠܗ). ܡܬܩܠܢܘܬܐ ܟܬܪܨܐ ܚܘܠܛܐ ܕܕܘܡܝܐ، ܠܐ ܡܢ ܕܟܠ ܥܩܪ ܠܐ ܦܢܐ: ܟܠܢܝܘܬܐ ܠܟܢܫܐ ܟܠܢܝܐ ܗܠ ܐܕܝܘܡ ܟܒܥܐ ܕܘܡܝܐ ܕܡܣܬܒܪܢܘܬܐ (ܕܘܡܝܐ ܘܓܘܒܝܐ ܕܕܘܡܝܐ).

ܨܪܪܐ ܕܒܘܨܝܐ، ܢܘܣܚܐ ܩܐ ܡܩܪܒܬܐ ܘܥܒܕܐ ܡܢ ܪܝܫ

ܐܘܪܚܐ ܕܥܒܕܐ ܟܦܪܫ ܒܝܢܝ ܡܦܩܢܐ ܓܡܝܪܐ ܕܒܘܚܪܢܐ – "ܩܕܡ ܟܒܚܪܚ ܡܦܩܢܐ ܓܡܝܪܐ ܘܟܢܛܪܚ ܠܗ" – ܘܢܘܣܚܐ ܩܐ ܡܩܪܒܬܐ: "ܛܟܣܐ ܕܫܘܐ̈ܠܐ، ܪ̈ܫܐ، ܪ̈ܘܫܡܐ، ܫܬܐܣ̈ܐ، ܡܥܝܪ̈ܢܘܬܐ ܕܐܘܪܚܐ ܘܨܘܪܬܐ ܕܣܘܪܝܬ"، ܕܠܐ ܙܘܗܪ̈ܐ (ܐܗܐ ܝܠܗ ܡܐ ܕ-MAKEWAR ܥܒܕܠܗ ܓܘ ܣܩܪܝ̈ܦܬܐ – ܫܩܠܠܗ ܡܥܝܪ̈ܢܘܬܐ، logs ܘܙܘܗܪ̈ܐ ܩܕܡ ܢܛܘܪܘܬܐ ܕܡܘܕܥܢܘܬܐ ܐܚܪܝܬܐ). ܓܘ ܦܐܬܐ: "ܡܚܬܬܐ ܕܡܘܕܥܢܘܬܐ" ܟܝܗܒܐ ܡܦܩܢܐ ܓܡܝܪܐ (ܡܘܕܥܢܘܬܐ ܕܩܒܠܬܐ، ܪܫܝܡܬܐ ܕܡܛܝܒܘܬܐ، ܠܘ̈ܚܐ ܕܡܬܩܠܢܘܬܐ، ܟܠ ܠܘ̈ܚܐ، ܦܣܩܐ ܕܕܘܡܝܐ، ܩܪܝܢܐ ܕܦܐܪܐ)؛ "ܢܘܣܚܐ ܩܐ ܡܩܪܒܬܐ" – ܒܣ ܠܘ̈ܚܐ، ܡܥܝܪ̈ܢܘܬܐ ܕܝܠܗܘܢ ܘܦܣܩܐ ܕܕܘܡܝܐ، ܕܠܐ "ܠܡܒܚܪܐ" ܓܘ ܡܥܝܪ̈ܢܘܬܐ. ܙܘܗܪ̈ܐ ܠܐ ܟܓܐܣܝ: ܐܢܝ̈ ܢܛܝܪ̈ܐ ܝܢܐ ܓܘ ܡܦܩܢܐ ܓܡܝܪܐ – "ܙܘܗܪ̈ܐ ܢܛܝܪ̈ܐ ܝܢܐ ܓܘ ܨܪܪܐ ܕܒܘܚܪܢܐ ܐܦ ܐܡܬܝ ܕܠܐ ܝܢܐ ܡܚܘܝ̈ܐ ܓܘ ܡܘܕܥܢܘܬܐ ܩܐ ܙܒܘܢܐ" (ܕܪܓܐ 9).

ܨܪܪܐ ܕܒܘܨܝܐ (ZIP، button ܒܚܪܬܐ ܕܡܘܕܥܢܘܬܐ) ܐܗܐ ܝܠܗ ܡܐ ܕܕܪܓܐ 9 ܒܥܐ ܩܐ ܡܩܪܒܬܐ ܘܥܒܕܐ ܡܢ ܪܝܫ: ܝܗܝ̈ܒܬܐ ܩܐ ܦܘܫܩܐ ܥܡ ܟܬܒܐ ܕܪ̈ܡܙܐ، ܪܫܝܡܬܐ ܘܬܘܩ̈ܢܐ (01_data_dictionary.xlsx)، ܡܦܩܢܐ ܓܡܝܪܐ ܕܒܘܚܪܢܐ (02)، ܢܘܣܚܐ ܩܐ ܡܩܪܒܬܐ ܒ-Word ܘܒ-HTML (03)، ܣܝܢܬܐܟܣ SPSS ܕܟܥܒܕ ܡܢ ܪܝܫ ܟܠ ܡܕܡ (04)، ܣܩܪܝܦܬ R (05)، ܬܘܩ̈ܢܐ ܐܝܟ ܦܐܝܠ ܦܪܝܫܐ (06_settings.json)، ܦܐܝܠ ܕܡܦܩܬܐ ܠܦܘܬ ܦܘܩܕܢܐ ܐܢ ܦܪܝܫܐ ܝܠܗ (07)، ܘ-README.txt ܕܟܡܦܪܫ ܡܐ ܐܝܬ ܓܘ ܟܠ ܦܐܝܠ، ܡܨܒܬܐ ܕܝܗܝ̈ܒܬܐ (ܛܥ̈ܝܢܬܐ/ܓܘ ܦܘܫܩܐ، ܡܫܟܚ̈ܢܘܬܐ ܕܩܒܠܬܐ، ܡܛܝܒܘܬܐ، ܡܬܩܠܢܘܬܐ، ܓܘܒ̈ܝܐ) ܘܕܟܝ ܟܥܒܕܚ ܡܢ ܪܝܫ. ܫܡܗ̈ܐ ܕܦܐܝ̈ܠܐ ܒܐܢܓܠܝܙܝܐ ܝܢܐ – ܕܦܬܝܚ̈ܐ ܗܘܝ ܓܘ ܟܠ ܛܘܦܣܐ ܕܡܚܫܒܢܐ.

ܥܒܕܐ ܡܢ ܪܝܫ. "ܡܨܝܐ ܝܠܗ ܠܡܥܒܕܐ ܡܢ ܪܝܫ ܡܦܩ̈ܢܐ ܡܢ ܗܢܝ̈ ܡܥܠ̈ܢܐ ܘܬܘܩ̈ܢܐ" – ܡܛܠ ܗܕܐ ܬܘܩ̈ܢܐ ܢܛܝܪ̈ܐ ܝܢܐ ܓܘ ܬܪܝܢ ܕܘ̈ܟܐ: ܓܠܝܘܢܐ ܕܬܘܩ̈ܢܐ (settings / "הגדרות") ܓܘ ܦܐܝܠ ܕܟܡܚܬܚ (ܟܬܒܐ ܕܪ̈ܡܙܐ ܥܡ ܬܘܩ̈ܢܐ ܕܝܠܗ، ܪܡܙܢܘܬܐ، ܡܨܠܠܢܘܬܐ، ܡܬܩܠܢܘܬܐ، ܓܘܒ̈ܝܐ ܕܡܘܕܥܢܘܬܐ، ܦܘܩܕܢܐ ܕܡܦܩܬܐ) ܘ-settings.json. ܟܛܥܢܚ ܦܐܝܠ ܕܡܚܬܬܐ ܝܠܗ – ܘܬܘܩ̈ܢܐ ܡܢ ܓܢܗܘܢ ܟܛܥܢܝ (ܡܘܕܥܢܘܬܐ ܓܘ ܛܥܢܐ)؛ ܝܢ ܟܛܥܢܚ ܦܐܝܠ ܕܡܒܘܥܐ ܘܒܬܪ "ܛܥܢܐ ܕܬܘܩ̈ܢܐ ܡܢ ܦܐܝܠ". ܡܫܬܚܠܦܢܐ ܡܦܩܐ ܕܡܢ ܩܕܡ ܐܝܬ ܐܝܟ ܥܡܘܕܐ ܓܘ ܦܐܝܠ ܕܡܚܬܬܐ ܝܠܗ – ܠܐ ܒܢܝܐ ܝܠܗ ܬܘܒ (ܗܘ ܡܢ ܩܕܡ ܬܡܢ ܝܠܗ، ܥܡ ܡܥܝܪܢܘܬܐ "ܡܦܩܐ ܡܢ" ܓܘ ܡܦܫܩܢܐ)؛ ܥܡܘܕܐ ܕܡܬܩܠܐ ܕܢܛܝܪܬܐ ܝܠܗ ܠܐ ܥܒܝܕܬܐ ܝܠܗ ܠܠܘܚܐ، ܘܡܬܩܠܐ ܚܫܝܒܐ ܝܠܗ ܡܢ ܪܝܫ ܡܢ ܡܢܘ̈ܬܐ – ܗܕܟܐ ܒܘܚܪܢܐ ܕܥܒܕܐ ܡܢ ܪܝܫ ܫܪܝܪܐ ܝܠܗ: ܗܢܝ̈ ܡܢܝ̈ܢܐ ܡܢ ܗܢܝ̈ ܬܘܩ̈ܢܐ. ܫܘܢܝܐ ܓܘ ܬܘܩܢܐ ܟܒܥܐ ܡܦܩܬܐ ܡܢ ܪܝܫ ܕܡܘܕܥܢܘܬܐ (ܕܪܓܐ 5: "ܫܘܢܝܐ ܓܘ ܡܕܟܝܢܘܬܐ ܝܢ ܓܘ ܡܬܩܠܢܘܬܐ ܟܒܥܐ ܡܦܩܬܐ ܡܢ ܪܝܫ ܕܠܘ̈ܚܐ ܘܕܡܘܕܥܢܘܬܐ ܕܬܠܝ̈ܐ ܝܢܐ ܒܝܗܘܢ") – ܦܐܬܐ ܟܚܫܒܐ ܟܠ ܡܕܡ ܡܢ ܪܝܫ ܓܘ ܟܠ ܪܗܛܐ، ܡܛܠ ܗܕܐ ܠܝܬ ܡܨܒܬܐ ܕܡܘܕܥܢܘܬܐ ܥܬܝܩܬܐ ܥܡ ܬܘܩ̈ܢܐ ܚܕ̈ܬܐ.

ܡܦܩܬܐ ܠܦܘܬ ܦܘܩܕܢܐ ܕܙܒܘܢܐ (ܦܣܩܐ 7) – ܐܡܬܝ ܕܙܒܘܢܐ ܒܥܐ ܦܐܝܠ ܕܟܬܝܒܬܐ ܓܘ ܕܘ̈ܟܝܬܐ ܩܝ̈ܡܬܐ ܕܥܡܘ̈ܕܐ، ܐܝܟ Tires-Write_perfecto.SPS ܕܟܬܒܠܗ ܠ-TyreBrands.txt. ܠܦܘܬ ܕܪܓܐ 8: "ܩܕܡ ܡܦܩܬܐ ܟܦܪܫܚ ܦܘܩܕܢܐ: … ܕܘ̈ܟܝܬܐ ܕܥܡܘ̈ܕܐ، ܦܬܝܘܬܐ ܕܟܠ ܚܩܠܐ، ܪܡܙܢܘܬܐ ܕܐܬܘ̈ܬܐ، ܡܚܘܝܢܐ ܕܚܣܝ̈ܪܐ ܘܛܟܣܐ ܕܣܕ̈ܪܐ. ܟܒܪܚ ܦܐܝܠ ܚܕܬܐ، ܟܒܚܪܚ ܐܘܪ̈ܟܐ ܘܕܘ̈ܟܝܬܐ ܘܟܩܪܝܚ ܠܗ ܬܘܒ ܠܦܘܬ ܦܘܩܕܢܐ." ܓܘ ܦܐܬܐ: ܚܩܠܐ ܓܘ ܟܠ ܣܕܪܐ (ܡܫܬܚܠܦܢܐ ܘܦܬܝܘܬܐ، ܝܢ ܫܘܪܝܐ-ܚܪܬܐ)، ܐܬܘܬܐ ܩܐ ܚܣܝܪܐ، ܘܓܘܒܝܐ ܩܐ ܚܩܠܐ ܕܡܬܩܠܐ؛ ܦܐܝܠ ܒ-UTF-8، ܣܕܪܐ ܩܐ ܟܠ ܣܕܪܐ ܕܓܘ ܦܘܫܩܐ، ܒܛܟܣܐ ܕܦܐܝܠ. ܛܝܡܐ ܕܦܬܝܐ ܝܠܗ ܡܢ ܚܩܠܐ ܠܐ ܟܡܬܩܛܥ ܒܫܠܝܐ – ܗܘ ܟܬܝܒܐ ܝܠܗ ܐܝܟ ܛܥܝܘܬܐ ܘܚܩܠܐ ܟܦܐܫ ܣܦܝܩܐ، ܕܡܦܬܝܬܘܢ ܚܩܠܐ. ܒܘܚܪܢܐ ܕܒܢܝܢܐ ܩܪܝܢܐ ܝܠܗ ܡܢ ܪܝܫ: ܟܠ ܚܩܠܐ ܩܪܝܐ ܝܠܗ ܡܢ ܕܘ̈ܟܝܬܐ ܕܓܘ ܦܘܩܕܢܐ ܘܡܦܘܚܡܐ ܝܠܗ ܥܡ ܝܗܝ̈ܒܬܐ؛ ܡܘܕܥܢܘܬܐ ܟܡܢܝܐ ܠܐ ܦܐܝܘ̈ܬܐ ܘܐܘܪ̈ܟܐ ܕܣܕ̈ܪܐ. ܦܘܩܕܢܐ ܕܡܦܩܬܐ ܟܬܝܒܐ ܝܠܗ ܠܦܐܝܠ ܦܪܝܫܐ ܓܘ ܨܪܪܐ. ܡ̈ܠܐ ܥܒܪ̈ܝܐ ܓܘ ܚܩܠܐ ܕܦܬܝܘܬܐ ܩܝܡܬܐ ܡܢܝ̈ܐ ܝܢܐ ܒܐܬܘ̈ܬܐ (ܠܐ ܒ-bytes) – ܐܢ ܙܒܘܢܐ ܒܥܐ ܪܡܙܢܘܬܐ windows-1255 ܝܢ ܦܬܝܘܬܐ ܒ-bytes، ܟܡܫܚܠܦܚ ܒܬܪ ܡܚܬܬܐ ܘܟܡܚܘܚ ܐܗܐ ܓܘ ܦܘܩܕܢܐ.

ܩܪܝܢܐ ܕܠܘܚܐ؟

ܪܝܫܐ ܕܠܘܚܐ – ܢܘܣܚܐ ܕܫܘܐܠܐ (ܐܝܟ /TITLE ܓܘ ܦܘܩܕܢܐ TABLES). ܓܘ ܥܡܘܕܐ ܕܓܢ̈ܣܐ – ܪܘܫܡܐ ܘܒܬܪܗ ܪܡܙܐ ܓܘ ܩܘ̈ܫܬܐ، ܕܡܨܝܐ ܗܘܐ ܠܡܕܥܪܐ ܡܢ ܠܘܚܐ ܠܦܐܝܠ. n – ܡܢܝܢܐ ܕܡܦܢܝ̈ܢܐ ܕܓܒܝܠܗܘܢ ܓܢܣܐ؛ % – ܡܢ ܫܬܐܣܐ؛ % ܟܢܝܫܬܐ (ܩܐ ܡܫܬܚܠܦ̈ܢܐ ܕܛܟܣܐ) – ܗܠ ܐܗܐ ܓܢܣܐ ܥܡܗ، ܦܐܝܕܢܬܐ ܩܐ "ܟܡܐ ܒܣܝ̈ܡܐ ܝܢ ܣܓܝ ܒܣܝ̈ܡܐ" (ܚܘܝܕܐ ܕܬܪܝܢ ܣܕ̈ܪܐ ܐܚܪ̈ܝܐ). ܣܕܪܐ ܕ"ܓܘܡܪܐ" – ܫܬܐܣܐ ܘ-100%. ܡܥܝܪܢܘܬܐ ܕܠܘܚܐ – ܡܘܕܝ ܝܠܗ ܫܬܐܣܐ، ܟܡܐ ܦܢܠܗܘܢ "ܠܐ ܝܕܥܢ"، ܟܡܐ ܠܐ ܦܢܠܗܘܢ.

ܬܠܬܐ ܡܕܡ̈ܐ ܕܛܒ ܝܠܗ ܠܡܚܙܝܐ ܩܕܡ ܕܟܡܬܘܡܚ: ܓܢܣܐ ܥܡ 0 – ܚܕ ܠܐ ܓܒܐ ܠܗ؛ ܠܦܘܬ ܐܘܪܚܐ ܕܥܒܕܐ ܐܗܐ ܒܘܚܪܢܐ ܝܠܗ ("ܓܢ̈ܣܐ ܥܡ ܨܦܪܐ ܦܘܢ̈ܝܐ")، ܘܡܛܠ ܗܕܐ ܓܢܣܐ ܡܚܘܝܐ ܝܠܗ ܐܝܟ ܓܘܒܝܐ ܡܩܕܡܐ ܘܠܐ ܟܓܐܣܐ. ܣܕܪܐ ܕܠܐ ܪܘܫܡܐ – ܛܝܡܐ ܕܠܐ ܝܠܗ ܓܘ ܟܬܒܐ ܕܪ̈ܡܙܐ (ܛܥܝܘܬܐ ܕܟܬܝܒܬܐ ܝܢ ܪܡܙܐ ܕܠܐ ܟܬܝܒܐ ܝܠܗ)؛ ܡܘܕܥܢܘܬܐ ܕܩܒܠܬܐ ܟܪܫܡܐ ܠܗ. ܫܬܐܣܐ ܙܥܘܪܐ – ܡܢܬܐ ܒܡܐܐ ܥܠ 20 ܡܦܢܝ̈ܢܐ ܟܙܝܥ 5 ܢܘܩ̈ܙܐ ܥܡ ܟܠ ܡܦܢܝܢܐ؛ ܟܬܢܚ ܫܬܐܣܐ ܓܢܒ ܟܠ ܡܢܬܐ ܒܡܐܐ، ܘܓܘ ܟܬܝܒܬܐ ܛܒ ܝܠܗ ܡܢܝ̈ܢܐ.

ܠܘܚܐ ܕܡܚܘ̈ܝܢܐ ܩܐ ܡܫܬܚܠܦܢܐ ܡܬܡܫܚܢܐ: N، ܡܨܥܝܬܐ، ܣܛܝܘܬܐ ܬܩܝܢܬܐ (ܥܡ ܡܢܝܢܐ ܬܚܬܝܐ n − 1)، ܛܝܡܐ ܡܨܥܝܐ، ܛܝܡܐ ܬܚܬܝܐ ܘܛܝܡܐ ܥܠܝܐ – ܐܝܟ DESCRIPTIVES ܓܘ SPSS، ܘܥܡ ܛܝܡܐ ܡܨܥܝܐ ܕ-Codebook ܟܡܘܣܦ (Pallant, 2020, Chapter 6). ܡܨܥܝܬܐ ܘܣܛܝܘܬܐ ܒܬܪܝܢ ܡܢܝ̈ܢܐ ܒܬܪ ܢܘܩܙܐ، ܐܝܟ ܓܘ ܦܪܘܓܪܡ؛ APA ܟܡܩܪܒ ܩܐ ܝܗܝ̈ܒܬܐ ܓܘ ܣܒܠܬܐ ܕܡܢܝ̈ܢܐ ܫܠܡ̈ܐ ܡܢܝܢܐ ܚܕ ܒܬܪ ܢܘܩܙܐ (2020، ܦܣܩܐ 6.36) – ܠܡܚܕܪܐ ܓܘ ܡܘܕܥܢܘܬܐ.

ܬܘܢܝܐ

ܠܘ̈ܚܐ ܓܘ ܦܐܬܐ ܒܢܝ̈ܐ ܝܢܐ ܠܦܘܬ APA: ܡܢܝܢܐ ܕܠܘܚܐ ܘܪܝܫܐ ܠܥܠ، ܪܝܫܐ ܩܐ ܟܠ ܥܡܘܕܐ ܥܡ ܥܡܘܕܐ ܕ"stub" (ܓܢ̈ܣܐ)، ܘܡܥܝܪܢܘܬܐ ܟܠܢܝܬܐ ܠܬܚܬ ܕܟܡܦܫܩܐ ܫܬܐܣܐ (APA, 2020, Sections 7.12 and 7.14). ܠܘܚܐ ܕܬܚܘܝܬܐ ܕܡܦܢܝ̈ܢܐ – ܠܘܚܐ 7.2 ܓܘ ܡܕܒܪܢܐ، "ܠܘܚܐ ܕܡܬܠܐ ܕܬܚܘܝܬܐ ܕܡܢܝܢܘܬܐ ܕܥܡܐ": ܡܫܬܚܠܦܢܐ ܒܬܪ ܡܫܬܚܠܦܢܐ، ܓܢ̈ܣܐ ܡܙܝܥ̈ܐ ܬܚܝܬ ܫܡܐ ܕܡܫܬܚܠܦܢܐ، ܘ-n ܘ-% ܩܐ ܟܠ ܓܢܣܐ (ܬܡܢ، ܦܣܩܐ 7.21؛ ܙܘܥܐ – ܦܣܩܐ 7.12). ܓܘ ܦܐܬܐ ܟܠ ܡܫܬܚܠܦܢܐ ܕܬܚܘܝܬܐ ܠܘܚܐ ܕܝܠܗ ܝܠܗ؛ ܓܘ ܡܘܕܥܢܘܬܐ ܡܚܝܕܬܐ ܡܨܝܐ ܝܠܗ ܠܡܚܝܕܐ ܠܗܘܢ ܠܠܘܚܐ ܚܕ ܒܐܗܐ ܒܢܝܢܐ، ܒܢܣܚܐ ܠ-Word.

ܦܣܩܐ ܕܬܚܘܝܬܐ ܕܕܘܡܝܐ ܕܦܐܬܐ ܟܟܬܒܐ ܫܘܪܝܐ ܝܠܗ ܕܨܚܚܐ ܕܐܘܪܚܐ (method section): Pallant ܟܡܥܗܕܐ ܕܓܘ ܒܘܨܝܐ ܥܡ ܡܫܬܘܬܦ̈ܢܐ "ܦܐܝܕܢܐ ܝܠܗ ܠܡܟܢܫܐ ܡܘܕܥܢܘܬܐ ܥܠ ܡܢܝܢܐ ܕܢܫ̈ܐ ܓܘ ܕܘܡܝܐ، ܡܢܝܢܐ ܘܡܢܬܐ ܒܡܐܐ ܕܓܒܪ̈ܐ ܘܕܢܫ̈ܐ، ܦܬܝܘܬܐ ܘܡܨܥܝܬܐ ܕܥܘܡܪܐ، ܪܡܐ ܕܝܘܠܦܢܐ ܘܟܠ ܡܘܕܥܢܘܬܐ ܕܬܚܘܝܬܐ ܐܚܪܬܐ ܕܡܬܥܠܩܢܝܬܐ" (2020، ܨܚܚܐ 6) – ܘܐܗܐ ܝܠܗ ܡܐ ܕܦܣܩܐ ܟܟܢܫܐ ܡܢ ܡܫܬܚܠܦ̈ܢܐ ܕܬܚܘܝܬܐ ܕܪܫܝܡ̈ܐ ܝܢܐ. ܡܢܝ̈ܢܐ ܕܡܘܕܥܢܘܬܐ ܟܟܬܒܚ ܐܝܟ ܕܐܝܬ ܓܘ ܠܘܚܐ؛ ܢܡܘ̈ܣܐ ܕܬܘܢܝܐ ܘܡܘܠܕܢܐ ܕܨܚܚܐ ܕܡܫܟܚ̈ܢܘܬܐ ܟܡܫܠܡܝ ܫܪܟܐ.

ܡܘܕܝ ܠܐ ܟܥܒܕ ܐܗܐ ܦܐܬܐ (ܥܕܟܡܐ ܠܐ)

• ܦܘܢ̈ܝܐ ܣܓܝ̈ܐܐ ܒܪܡܙܢܘܬܐ ܕܓܢ̈ܣܐ – ܐܡܬܝ ܕܒܕܘܟܬܐ ܕܥܡܘܕܐ ܕ-0/1 ܩܐ ܟܠ ܓܘܒܝܐ ܐܝܬ ܟܡܐ ܥܡܘ̈ܕܐ "ܬܘܢܝܐ 1، ܬܘܢܝܐ 2…" ܘܓܘ ܟܠ ܚܕܐ ܪܡܙܐ ܕܓܘܒܝܐ (ܓܘܕܐ ܕܓܢ̈ܣܐ ܓܘ SPSS). ܓܘ ܐܗܐ ܕܪܓܐ – ܒܣ ܪܡܙܢܘܬܐ ܕܬܪܝܢ ܛܝ̈ܡܐ (0/1).
• ܫܪܛܐ ܡܪܟܒܐ ܕܫܘܝܘܬܐ – ܬܪܝܢ ܡܫܬܚܠܦ̈ܢܐ ("asked if q4 = 1 ܘܐܦ q2 = 3") ܓܘ ܫܪܛܐ ܚܕ؛ ܓܘ ܡܨܠܠܢܘܬܐ – ܟܠ ܣܕܪܐ ܢܡܘܣܐ ܝܠܗ، ܘܟܠܗܘܢ ܚܕ ܓܗܐ ܝܢܐ (ܘܐܦ)، ܐܠܐ ܠܝܬ "ܝܢ".
• ܚܘܝܕܐ ܕܦܐܝ̈ܠܐ ܠܦܘܬ ܡܢܝܢܐ ܡܦܪܫܢܐ (MATCH FILES – ܡܘܕܥܢܘܬܐ ܥܠ ܗܘ ܡܦܢܝܢܐ ܡܢ ܬܪܝܢ ܦܐܝ̈ܠܐ) ܘܡܫܬܚܠܦ̈ܢܐ ܚܫܝܒ̈ܐ (ܓܘܡܪܐ، ܡܨܥܝܬܐ ܕܦܣܘ̈ܩܐ) – ܠܐ؛ ܚܘܝܕܐ ܒܣ ܒܣܕ̈ܪܐ ܝܠܗ، ܘܪܡܙܢܘܬܐ ܡܢ ܪܝܫ – ܡܦܝܢܘܬܐ ܕܡܫܬܚܠܦܢܐ ܚܕ.
• ܡܬܩܠܢܘܬܐ ܒܐܘܪ̈ܚܬܐ ܐܚܪ̈ܢܐ – raking (iterative proportional fitting) ܕܟܡܦܐܝܐ ܟܡܐ ܣܦܪ̈ܐ ܒܚܕ ܙܒܢܐ، ܡܬܩ̈ܠܐ ܕܓܘܒܝܐ ܕܕܘܡܝܐ (ܡܣܬܒܪܢܘܬܐ ܕܓܘܒܝܐ ܗܦܝܟܬܐ)، ܡܬܩܠܢܘܬܐ ܩܐ ܠܐ ܡܦܢܝܢܘܬܐ ܠܦܘܬ ܡܘܕܝܠ – ܠܐ؛ ܒܣ ܐܘܪܚܐ ܕܩܠ̈ܝܬܐ ܕܣܩܪܝ̈ܦܬܐ. ܐܦ ܬܚܘ̈ܡܐ ܕܬܘܟܠܢܐ ܘܒܘܚܪ̈ܢܐ ܡܬܩ̈ܠܐ (design effect ܓܘ ܚܘܫܒܢܐ ܕܛܥܝܘܬܐ ܬܩܝܢܬܐ) – ܠܐ ܓܘ ܐܗܐ ܦܐܬܐ.
• ܡܦܩܬܐ ܩܐ ܙܒܘܢܐ ܒܒܢܝܢܐ ܕܟܪ̈ܛܝܣܐ (ܙܢ̈ܐ ܕܣܕ̈ܪܐ، ܪܡܙܐ ܕܟܪܛܝܣܐ، ܟܡܐ ܣܕ̈ܪܐ ܩܐ ܡܦܢܝܢܐ، ܪܡܙܢܘܬܐ windows-1255) – ܠܐ؛ ܒܣ ܣܕܪܐ ܚܕ ܩܐ ܟܠ ܣܕܪܐ ܕܝܗܝ̈ܒܬܐ ܒܦܬܝܘܬܐ ܩܝܡܬܐ ܒ-UTF-8.
• ܦܘܠ̈ܓܐ ܕܥܡܘ̈ܕܐ (crosstab breakdowns) – ܠܘܚܐ ܠܦܘܬ ܓܘܕܐ (BY kk ܓܘ ܣܩܪܝ̈ܦܬܐ ܐܡܬܝ ܕܥܡܘ̈ܕܐ ܓܘ̈ܕܐ ܡܢܬܢ̈ܝܐ ܝܢܐ) – ܠܐ ܠܟܐ ܐܠܐ ܓܘ ܦܐܬܐ ܕܒܬܪܗ، ܦܘܠܚܢܐ ܕܒܘܨܝܐ ܕܫܘܐ̈ܠܐ: ܦܘܠ̈ܓܐ ܕܥܡܘ̈ܕܐ: ܟܛܥܢܚ ܬܡܢ ܦܐܝܠ ܕܡܚܬܬܐ ܝܠܗ ܡܢ ܐܟܐ (ܥܡ ܓܠܝܘܢܐ ܕܬܘܩ̈ܢܐ (settings / "הגדרות"))، ܟܓܒܚ ܪ̈ܫܐ ܕܥܡܘ̈ܕܐ ܘܟܫܩܠܚ ܟܠ ܠܘ̈ܚܐ ܠܦܘܬ ܓܘ̈ܕܐ ܥܡ ܟܝ ܡܪܒܥܐ ܘ-V ܩܐ ܟܠ ܨܠܝܒܘܬܐ. ܩܐ ܦܘܠܓܐ ܚܕ ܦܪܝܫܐ – ܟܝ ܡܪܒܥܐ.
• ܨܘ̈ܪܬܐ ܩܐ ܟܠ ܠܘܚܐ – ܐܝܬ، ܐܝܟ ܓܘܒܝܐ؛ ܦܐܬܐ ܕܣܓܝܐܘ̈ܬܐ ܟܝܗܒܐ ܨܘܪܬܐ ܘܡܥܝܪܢܘܬܐ ܓܡܝܪܬܐ ܕܨܘܪܬܐ ܩܐ ܡܫܬܚܠܦܢܐ ܚܕ.

ܘܕܟܝ ܟܥܒܕܚ ܐܗܐ ܒ-SPSS؟ (And how do you do it in SPSS?)

ܩܐ ܠܘ̈ܚܐ – Analyze › Descriptive Statistics › Frequencies: ܟܡܥܠܚ ܫܘܐ̈ܠܐ ܘܟܕܚܩܚ OK؛ ܡܦܩܢܐ ܠܘܚܐ ܝܠܗ ܩܐ ܟܠ ܡܫܬܚܠܦܢܐ ܥܡ Frequency، Percent، Valid Percent ܘ-Cumulative Percent (Pallant, 2020, Chapter 6). ܕ-Valid Percent ܗܘܐ "ܡܦܢܝ̈ܢܐ ܥܡ ܦܘܢܝܐ ܕܒܥܠ ܣܘܟܠܐ" ܟܦܪܫܚ ܪ̈ܡܙܐ ܕ"ܠܐ ܝܕܥܢ" ܓܘ Variable View › Missing (Field, 2024, Section 4.6.8) – ܣܝܢܬܐܟܣ ܕܦܐܬܐ ܟܡܚܬܐ ܟܥܒܕ ܐܗܐ ܒ-MISSING VALUES، ܥܡ VARIABLE LABELS ܘ-VALUE LABELS ܡܢ ܟܬܒܐ ܕܪ̈ܡܙܐ. ܩܐ ܒܘܚܪ̈ܢܐ – Frequencies ܥܡ Statistics › Minimum, Maximum ܩܐ ܕܓܢ̈ܣܐ ܘ-Descriptives ܩܐ ܡܬܡܫܚ̈ܢܐ (Pallant, 2020, Chapter 5)؛ ܟܠ ܡܘܕܥܢܘܬܐ ܥܠ ܟܬܒܐ ܕܪ̈ܡܙܐ ܒܦܘܩܕܢܐ ܚܕ ܟܝܗܒ Analyze › Reports › Codebook (ܬܡܢ، ܨܚܚܐ 6) – ܐܦ ܗܘ ܓܘ ܣܝܢܬܐܟܣ. ܫܘܐܠܐ ܬܠܝܐ – TEMPORARY ܘܒܬܪ SELECT IF ܩܕܡ FREQUENCIES ܕܝܠܗ (ܣܝܢܬܐܟܣ ܟܥܒܕ ܐܗܐ ܩܐ ܟܠ ܫܘܐܠܐ ܥܡ "ܫܐܝܠܐ ܐܢ"). ܦܘܢ̈ܝܐ ܣܓܝ̈ܐܐ – Analyze › Multiple Response › Define Variable Sets (ܬܪܝܢ ܛܝ̈ܡܐ، ܛܝܡܐ ܡܢܝܐ 1) ܘܒܬܪ Frequencies؛ ܓܘ ܣܝܢܬܐܟܣ – MULT RESPONSE GROUPS=$ש7 (ש7_1 ש7_2 ש7_3 ש7_4 (1)) /FREQUENCIES=$ש7، ܘܥܡܘܕܐ Percent of Cases ܓܘ ܡܦܩܢܐ "% ܡܢ ܡܦܢܝ̈ܢܐ" ܝܠܗ ܓܘ ܦܐܬܐ. ܣܕܪܐ ܕܫܘܐ̈ܠܐ – FREQUENCIES ܩܐ ܟܠ ܦܣܘ̈ܩܐ ܥܡ /STATISTICS=MEAN؛ ܠܘܚܐ ܡܚܝܕܐ (ܦܣܘ̈ܩܐ ܓܘ ܣܕ̈ܪܐ، ܓܢ̈ܣܐ ܓܘ ܥܡܘ̈ܕܐ) ܟܡܪܟܒܚ ܒ-CTABLES ܝܢ ܒܐܝܕܐ – ܣܝܢܬܐܟܣ ܟܝܗܒ ܡܢܝ̈ܢܐ. ܚܘܝܕܐ ܕܦܐܝ̈ܠܐ – Data › Merge Files › Add Cases؛ ܓܘ ܣܝܢܬܐܟܣ – GET DATA ܩܐ ܟܠ ܦܐܝܠ ܥܡ COMPUTE מקור = k ܘ-DATASET NAME، ܘܒܬܪ ADD FILES /FILE=src1 /FILE=src2 (ܐܝܟ ܓܘ ܣܩܪܝܦܬ 070410_all-sys). ܪܡܙܢܘܬܐ ܡܢ ܪܝܫ – Transform › Recode into Different Variables؛ ܓܘ ܣܝܢܬܐܟܣ – RECODE גיל (18 thru 29=1) (30 thru 44=2) … INTO גיל_קבוצות ܥܡ VALUE LABELS (Pallant, 2020, Chapter 8). ܡܨܠܠܢܘܬܐ – Data › Select Cases، ܝܢ SELECT IF (גיל >= 18) ܩܝܡܐ (ܕܠܐ TEMPORARY) ܩܕܡ ܠܘ̈ܚܐ؛ ܡܬܩܠܢܘܬܐ – COMPUTE w1 = 1 ܘܒܬܪ IF (מין = 1 AND גיל_קבוצות = 1) w1 = ܢܝܫܐ / ܕܘܡܝܐ ܩܐ ܟܠ ܩܠܝܬܐ، COMPUTE ww = w1 * w2، WEIGHT BY ww – ܚܬܝܬܐܝܬ ܐܝܟ ܓܘ ܣܩܪܝܦܬ ܕܡܛܝܒܘܬܐ؛ ܡܢ ܐܟܐ FREQUENCIES ܟܛܒܥ ܣܓܝܐܘ̈ܬܐ ܡܬܩ̈ܠܬܐ، ܘ-N ܓܘ ܡܦܩܢܐ ܓܘܡܪܐ ܝܠܗ ܕܡܬܩ̈ܠܐ (ܠܐ ܡܢܝܢܐ ܕܡܦܢܝ̈ܢܐ – ܡܛܠ ܗܕܐ ܦܐܬܐ ܟܛܒܥܐ n ܫܪܝܪܐ ܓܢܒܗ). ܣܝܢܬܐܟܣ ܟܡܛܟܣ ܟܠ ܡܕܡ ܒܛܟܣܐ ܬܪܝܨܐ: ܛܥܢܐ ܘܚܘܝܕܐ، ܪܡܙܢܘܬܐ ܡܢ ܪܝܫ، ܟܬܒܐ ܕܪ̈ܡܙܐ، ܡܨܠܠܢܘܬܐ، ܡܬܩܠܢܘܬܐ، ܠܘ̈ܚܐ.

ܘܣܩܪܝ̈ܦܬܐ ܥܬܝܩ̈ܐ؟ ܡܘܕܥܢܘܬܐ ܕܠܘ̈ܚܐ ܓܘ ܡܕܪ̈ܫܝܬܐ ܕܒܘܨܝܐ ܒܢܝܬܐ ܗܘܬ ܫܢ̈ܐ ܒܦܘܩܕܢܐ TABLES: ܩܐ ܟܠ ܫܘܐܠܐ /TABLE= q5 + $t000001 BY kk، ܡܢܬܐ ܒܡܐܐ ܕܥܡܘܕܐ (cpct) ܒܨܘܪܬܐ PCT5.1، ܣܕܪܐ ܕܓܘܡܪܐ (FTOTAL)، GBASE=CASES، ܚܣܝܪܐ ܣܦܝܩܐ (MISSING('.')) ܘܢܘܣܚܐ ܕܫܘܐܠܐ ܓܘ /TITLE – ܘܣܩܪܝܦܬ ܕܟܒܪܐ ܟܠ ܦܘܩ̈ܕܢܐ ܡܢ ܟܬܒܐ ܕܪ̈ܡܙܐ (Create_Freq). ܠܘܚܐ ܕܦܐܬܐ ܚܬܝܬܐܝܬ ܐܗܐ ܠܘܚܐ ܝܠܗ: ܗܢܝ̈ ܣܕ̈ܪܐ، ܗܘ ܫܬܐܣܐ، ܗܘ ܚܘܕܪܐ. TABLES ܠܝܬ ܐܕܝܘܡ ܓܘ ܢܘܣ̈ܚܐ ܕ-SPSS ܕܗܫܐ (ܫܘܚܠܦܬܐ ܝܠܗ ܒ-CTABLES)، ܘܡܛܠ ܗܕܐ ܣܝܢܬܐܟܣ ܕܦܐܬܐ ܟܡܚܬܐ ܟܡܦܠܚ ܒ-FREQUENCIES، ܕܐܝܬ ܓܘ ܟܠ ܢܘܣܚܐ – ܘܐܦ ܓܘ PSPP ܚܐܪܬܐ.

ܘܕܟܝ ܟܥܒܕܚ ܐܗܐ ܒ-R؟ (And how do you do it in R?)

ܕܠܐ ܨܪܪ̈ܐ ܝܚܝܕ̈ܝܐ: table() ܩܐ ܡܢܝܢܐ، ܘܡܢܬܐ ܒܡܐܐ ܚܫܝܒܐ ܝܠܗ ܒܚܘܕܪܐ ܠܚܕ ܡܢ ܥܣܪܐ ܒܚܘܫܒܢܐ ܕܡܢܝ̈ܢܐ ܫܠܡ̈ܐ ܐܝܟ ܓܘ ܦܐܬܐ. ܣܩܪܝܦܬ (script) ܕܦܐܬܐ ܟܡܚܬܐ ("ܡܚܬܬܐ ܕܣܩܪܝܦܬ R") ܟܩܪܐ ܦܐܝܠ ܥܡ readxl، ܟܦܪܫ ܦܘܩܕܢܐ freq_table ܕܟܡܦܠܛ NA ܘܪ̈ܡܙܐ ܕ"ܠܐ ܝܕܥܢ" ܡܢ ܫܬܐܣܐ، ܘܟܛܒܥ ܠܘܚܐ ܩܐ ܟܠ ܫܘܐܠܐ ܘܡܚܘ̈ܝܢܐ ܩܐ ܟܠ ܡܫܬܚܠܦܢܐ ܡܬܡܫܚܢܐ؛ ܩܐ ܫܘܐܠܐ ܬܠܝܐ – ܡܨܠܠܢܘܬܐ ܒ-%in%؛ ܩܐ ܦܘܢ̈ܝܐ ܣܓܝ̈ܐܐ – colSums ܥܠ ܣܕ̈ܪܐ ܕܓܘܝܗܘܢ ܐܝܬ ܠܦܚܘܬ ܛܝܡܐ ܚܕ؛ ܩܐ ܣܕܪܐ ܕܫܘܐ̈ܠܐ – ܠܘܚܐ ܘܡܨܥܝܬܐ ܩܐ ܟܠ ܦܣܘܩܐ؛ ܩܐ ܚܘܝܕܐ – rbind ܒܬܪ ܡܫܠܡܢܘܬܐ ܕܥܡܘ̈ܕܐ ܚܣܝ̈ܪܐ ܒ-NA؛ ܩܐ ܪܡܙܢܘܬܐ ܡܢ ܪܝܫ – ܣܝܡܬܐ ܠܦܘܬ ܦܬܝܘ̈ܬܐ ܝܢ %in%؛ ܩܐ ܡܨܠܠܢܘܬܐ – ܓܘܒܝܐ ܕܣܕ̈ܪܐ؛ ܩܐ ܡܬܩܠܢܘܬܐ – vector ܕܡܬܩ̈ܠܐ ܡܢ ܩܠ̈ܝܬܐ، tapply(w, x, sum) ܩܐ ܠܘܚܐ ܡܬܩܠܐ ܘܡܨܥܝܬܐ ܡܬܩܠܬܐ ܒܐܝܕܐ (SD ܥܡ ܡܢܝܢܐ ܬܚܬܝܐ W − 1، ܐܝܟ SPSS). ܢܡܘܣܐ ܕܣܐܝܛ ܩܐ ܣܘܪܝܬ ܒ-R: ܦܐܝܠ UTF-8، ܟܠ ܣܕܪܐ ܕܡܥܝܪܢܘܬܐ ܟܫܪܐ ܒܡܠܬܐ ܕܣܘܪܝܬ، ܘܫܡܗ̈ܐ ܕܡܫܬܚܠܦ̈ܢܐ ܒܐܢܓܠܝܙܝܐ (ܦܐܝܠ ܕܡܬܠܐ ܐܢܓܠܝܙܝܐ). ܚܙܝܡܘܢ: ܓܘ ܐܗܐ ܚܘܕܪܐ ܕܒܢܝܢܐ R ܠܐ ܝܗܘܐ ܡܛܝܐ، ܘܣܩܪܝܦܬ ܒܚܝܪܐ ܝܠܗ ܒܣ ܒܩܪܝܢܐ – ܫܘܪܪܐ ܕܦܐܬܐ ܥܒܝܕܐ ܝܠܗ ܩܘܒܠ Python (pandas)، ܚܙܝܡܘܢ README ܕܫܘܪܪܐ.

ܛܥܝ̈ܘܬܐ ܕܡܬܚܙܝܢ ܣܓܝ (Common mistakes)

"ܠܐ ܝܕܥܢ" ܓܘ ܫܬܐܣܐ ܕܠܐ ܡܪܓܫܢܘܬܐ. ܪܡܙܐ 9 ܕܠܐ ܟܬܝܒܐ ܝܠܗ ܓܘ ܡܦܫܩܢܐ ܡܢܝܐ ܝܠܗ ܐܝܟ ܦܘܢܝܐ – ܘܟܡܢܦܚ "ܠܐ ܒܣܝܡܐ" ܝܢ ܟܡܬܚܙܐ ܐܝܟ ܣܕܪܐ ܕܠܐ ܣܘܟܠܐ. Field: ܛܝܡܐ ܚܣܝܪܐ ܕܠܐ ܦܪܝܫܐ ܝܠܗ "ܒܕ ܡܬܚܫܒ ܛܝܡܐ ܬܪܝܨܐ ܓܘ ܟܠ ܦܘܫܩܐ – ܥܡ ܦܐܪ̈ܐ ܕܚܘܒܠܐ" (2024، ܦܣܩܐ 4.6.8). ܡܛܠ ܗܕܐ ܟܬܒܐ ܕܪ̈ܡܙܐ ܟܡܚܘܐ ܗܢܝ̈ ܪ̈ܡܙܐ ܓܘ ܥܡܘܕܐ ܕܝܠܗܘܢ.

ܠܡܥܒܕܐ ܠܘܚܐ ܡܢ ܫܘܐܠܐ ܦܬܝܚܐ ܝܢ ܡܢ ܡܫܬܚܠܦܢܐ ܡܬܡܫܚܢܐ. 200 ܦܘܢ̈ܝܐ ܦܪ̈ܝܫܐ ܠܐ ܝܢܐ ܠܘܚܐ. ܥܘܡܪܐ ܥܒܝܕܐ ܝܠܗ ܠܠܘܚܐ ܒܬܪ ܟܢܫܐ ܠܓܘ̈ܕܐ؛ ܡ̈ܠܐ – ܒܬܪ ܪܡܙܢܘܬܐ (Pallant, 2020, Chapter 2).

ܠܡܚܘܝܐ ܡܢܘ̈ܬܐ ܒܡܐܐ ܕܠܐ ܫܬܐܣܐ. 50% ܡܨܝ ܕܗܘܝ 3 ܡܢ 6. ܫܬܐܣܐ ܓܢܒ ܟܠ ܠܘܚܐ – ܘܓܘ ܫܘܐܠܐ ܕܫܐܝܠܐ ܝܠܗ ܡܢ ܡܢܬܐ ܕܡܦܢܝ̈ܢܐ، ܐܦ ܓܘ ܟܬܝܒܬܐ.

ܠܬܘܪܨܐ ܛܥܝܘܬܐ ܕܠܐ ܟܬܝܒܬܐ. Pallant: ܪܫܝܡܬܐ ܕܟܠ ܛܥܝܘܬܐ ܕܐܫܬܟܚܬ ܘܕܟܠ ܫܘܢܝܐ ܕܐܬܥܒܕ (2020، ܨܚܚܐ 5). ܡܘܕܥܢܘܬܐ ܕܩܒܠܬܐ ܫܘܪܝܐ ܝܠܗ ܕܪܫܝܡܬܐ – ܢܛܘܪܘܢ ܠܗ ܥܡ ܡܘܕܥܢܘܬܐ.

ܠܡܨܠܠܐ ܕܠܐ ܡܢܝܢܐ. "ܦܠܛܠܢ ܡܢ ܕܠܐ ܝܠܗ ܫܘܝܐ" – ܟܡܐ؟ ܡܢ ܟܡܐ؟ ܪܫܝܡܬܐ ܕܡܛܝܒܘܬܐ ܟܐܡܪܐ: ܢܡܘܣܐ، ܦܠܛ̈ܐ، ܦܝܫ̈ܐ؛ ܘܓܘ ܨܚܚܐ ܕܐܘܪܚܐ ܟܟܬܒܚ "ܡܢ 240 ܣܕ̈ܪܐ ܥܠܝܠ̈ܐ ܝܢܐ 239 (ܡܨܠܠܢܘܬܐ: ܥܘܡܪܐ 18 ܘܠܥܠ)".

ܠܡܪܡܙܐ ܡܢ ܪܝܫ ܥܠ ܡܫܬܚܠܦܢܐ ܫܪܫܝܐ. "ܥܘܡܪܐ" ܕܗܘܐ ܠܓܘ̈ܕܐ ܠܐ ܝܠܗ ܥܘܡܪܐ ܐܕܝܘܡ – ܡܨܥܝܬܐ ܓܐܣܠܗ. ܒܟܠ ܥܕܢܐ ܡܫܬܚܠܦܢܐ ܚܕܬܐ؛ ܫܪܫܝܐ ܟܦܐܫ ܓܘ ܦܐܝܠ ܘܓܘ ܡܘܕܥܢܘܬܐ.

ܠܡܬܢܝܐ ܦܘܢ̈ܝܐ ܣܓܝ̈ܐܐ ܒܡܢܬܐ ܒܡܐܐ ܡܢ ܬܘܢ̈ܝܐ. "37% ܡܢ ܬܘܢ̈ܝܐ ܦܘܪ̈ܥܢܐ ܗܘܘ" ܟܡܫܬܡܥ ܐܝܟ 37% ܡܢ ܢܫ̈ܐ – ܐܠܐ 54% ܡܢܝܗܘܢ ܪܫܡܠܗܘܢ ܦܘܪ̈ܥܢܐ. ܟܬܢܚ % ܡܢ ܡܦܢܝ̈ܢܐ، ܘܟܐܡܪܚ ܕܓܘܡܪܐ ܟܣܠܩ ܠܥܠ ܡܢ 100.

ܠܡܩܪܝܐ ܠܓܘܡܪܐ ܕܡܬܩ̈ܠܐ "ܡܢܝܢܐ ܕܡܦܢܝ̈ܢܐ". ܢܡܘܣܐ ܓܘ ܐܘܪܚܐ ܕܥܒܕܐ: ܟܡܚܘܚ N ܫܪܝܪܐ ܕܠܐ ܡܬܩܠܐ، ܘܓܘ ܡܘܕܥܢܘܬܐ ܡܬܩܠܬܐ ܟܡܚܘܚ ܐܦ ܫܬܐܣܐ ܡܬܩܠܐ – ܗܕܟܐ ܦܐܬܐ ܟܛܒܥܐ (n ܫܪܝܪܐ، ܡܢܬܐ ܒܡܐܐ ܡܬܩܠܬܐ، "ܫܬܐܣܐ ܡܬܩܠܐ" ܓܘ ܡܥܝܪܢܘܬܐ).

ܠܡܩܪܘܒܐ ܡܦܩܢܐ ܕܒܘܚܪܢܐ ܠܙܒܘܢܐ، ܝܢ ܠܡܩܪܘܒܐ ܕܠܐ ܢܛܘܪܘܬܐ ܕܝܠܗ. ܙܒܘܢܐ ܟܫܩܠ ܢܘܣܚܐ ܩܐ ܡܩܪܒܬܐ؛ ܡܦܩܢܐ ܕܒܘܚܪܢܐ ܥܡ ܙܘܗܪ̈ܐ ܟܦܐܫ ܓܘ ܨܪܪܐ. ܘܡܢ ܕܩܪܒܠܗ ܕܠܐ ܨܪܪܐ ܠܐ ܒܕ ܡܨܐ ܕܥܒܕ ܡܢ ܪܝܫ ܒܬܪ ܫܢܬܐ ܡܘܕܝ ܚܬܝܬܐܝܬ ܡܨܠܠܐ ܘܡܬܩܠܐ ܝܠܗ ܗܘܐ.

ܠܡܬܩܠܐ ܕܠܐ ܒܘܚܪܢܐ ܕܩܠ̈ܝܬܐ. ܡܬܩܠܐ 4 ܩܐ ܩܠܝܬܐ ܕܬܡܢܝܐ ܡܦܢܝ̈ܢܐ – ܬܡܢܝܐ ܢܫ̈ܐ "ܟܡܡܠܠܝ" ܒܫܡܐ ܕܪܘܒܥܐ ܕܡܘܕܥܢܘܬܐ. ܠܘܚܐ ܕܡܬܩܠܢܘܬܐ ܟܡܚܘܐ ܐܗܐ ܩܕܡ ܡܩܪܒܬܐ؛ ܩܛܘܥܐ ܦܘܢܝܐ ܝܠܗ ܕܡܨܝܐ ܝܠܗ، ܐܠܐ ܟܬܝܒܐ.

ܡܒܘ̈ܥܐ

American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.). https://doi.org/10.1037/0000165-000

Field, A. (2024). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics (6th ed.). Sage.

Pallant, J. (2020). SPSS survival manual: A step by step guide to data analysis using IBM SPSS (7th ed.). Routledge.

ܠܦܘܬ ܢܡܘܣܐ ܕܣܐܝܛ، ܓܘ ܪܫܝܡܬܐ ܕܡܒܘ̈ܥܐ ܟܡܬܚܙܝ ܒܣ ܡܒܘ̈ܥܐ ܕܩܪܝ̈ܐ ܝܢܐ ܒܢܘܣܚܐ ܫܪܫܝܐ: Field – ܨܚܚܐ 4 (ܦܣ̈ܩܐ 4.6.1، 4.6.5، 4.6.8)، Pallant – ܨܚ̈ܚܐ 2، 4، 5 ܘ-6، APA – ܦܣ̈ܩܐ 6.36، 7.12، 7.14 ܘ-7.21 (ܠܘܚܐ 7.2). ܬܪܘܝܗܘܢ ܡܬܡܠܠ̈ܐ ܝܢܐ ܠܦܘܬ ܦܣܩܐ ܘܨܚܚܐ (ܟܬܒ̈ܐ ܐܠܩܛܪܘܢܝ̈ܐ ܠܐ ܟܢܛܪܝ ܡܢܝ̈ܢܐ ܕܦܐܬ̈ܐ ܛܒܝ̈ܥܐ). ܐܘܪܚܐ ܕܥܒܕܐ ܘܣܩܪܝ̈ܦܬܐ ܕ-SPSS (TABLES, Create_Freq, inc) ܟܬܒ̈ܐ ܕܥܒܕܐ ܝܢܐ ܕܣܐܝܛ – ܠܐ ܡܒܘ̈ܥܐ ܦܪ̈ܝܣܐ، ܘܡܛܠ ܗܕܐ ܠܐ ܝܢܐ ܓܘ ܪܫܝܡܬܐ. ܚܘܫܒܢܐ ܓܘ ܦܐܬܐ ܫܪܝܪܐ ܝܠܗ ܩܘܒܠ Python (pandas) ܥܠ ܦܐܝܠ ܕܡܬܠܐ – ܟܠ n، ܟܠ ܡܢܬܐ ܒܡܐܐ ܘܟܠ ܡܚܘܝܢܐ، ܡܢܝܢܐ ܒܡܢܝܢܐ، ܥܡ ܠܘܚܐ ܕܦܘܢ̈ܝܐ ܣܓܝ̈ܐܐ، ܣܕܪܐ ܕܫܘܐ̈ܠܐ، ܫܬܐܣ̈ܐ ܬܠܝ̈ܐ، ܠܘ̈ܚܐ ܒܬܪ ܡܨܠܠܢܘܬܐ ܘܪܡܙܢܘܬܐ ܡܢ ܪܝܫ، ܦܐܝܠ ܡܚܝܕܐ (pandas.concat)، ܡܬܩ̈ܠܐ ܕܩܠ̈ܝܬܐ، ܓܘܡܪܐ، design effect ܘܠܘ̈ܚܐ ܡܬܩ̈ܠܐ (ܡܢܘ̈ܬܐ ܒܡܐܐ، ܡܨܥܝܬܐ، SD ܘܛܝܡܐ ܡܨܥܝܐ ܡܬܩ̈ܠܐ).